Pan Am Flight 103

Pan Am Flight 103 was a Pan American World Airways passenger flight that flew from London to New York City across the Atlantic Ocean. On 21 December 1988, the aeroplane flying this route was destroyed by a bomb. The explosion caused the plane to crash onto Lockerbie, Scotland. The crash killed everybody on the plane and eleven more people on the ground. The attack is also known as the Lockerbie bombing.

Pan Am Flight 103

The remains of the forward section from Clipper Maid of the Seas on Tundergarth Hill, Lockerbie
Bombing summary
Date	21 December 1988 (1988-12-21)
Summary	In-flight breakup due to terrorist bombing
Place	Lockerbie, Scotland 55°06′56″N 003°21′31″W
Passengers	243
Crew	16
Fatalities	259
Survivors	0
Aircraft type	Boeing 747–121
Aircraft name	Clipper Maid of the Seas
Airline/user	Pan American World Airways
Registration	N739PA
Flew from	Frankfurt Airport, Frankfurt, West Germany
1st stopover	Heathrow Airport, London, United Kingdom
2nd stopover	John F. Kennedy International Airport, New York, United States
Flying to	Detroit Metropolitan Airport, Michigan, United States

Memorial at the Lockerbie cemetery

The aircraft was a Boeing 747–121 named “Clipper Maid of the Seas”. The explosion killed all 243 passengers and 16 crew members. Eleven more people in Lockerbie were killed as large parts of the plane fell onto the town and crashed into houses. The total number of people killed in the disaster was 270. After many years of investigation, the attack was blamed on airline officials working for Libya's government. Abdelbaset al-Megrahi, a Libyan man, was convicted of murder over the attack, and later freed as he had terminal cancer. Megrahi died almost three years later. Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi was said to have ordered the attack.

Airplane involved

The airplane that crashed was a Boeing 747–121, registered N739PA and named Clipper Maid of the Seas and it was 18 years old.

Flight

Flight 103 had originated at Frankfurt Airport, operated by Boeing 727. At London Heathrow Airport, the flight was the changed to a Boeing 747. The aircraft pushed back from the terminal at 18:04 and took off from runway 27R at 18:25, and took off to John F. Kennedy International Airport, and then to Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport.

Crash

At 19:02:44 Flight 103 disappeared from air traffic control, then at 19:02:50 then plane returned as five echos instead of one. A British Airways pilot, reported that he could see a huge fire on the ground. The explosion punched a 50-cm (20-inch) hole on the left side of the fuselage. As it descended, the fuselage broke up into smaller pieces, with the section attached to the wings landing first. 200,000 lb (91,000 kg) of jet fuel it contained, ignited, the resulting fireball destroyed several houses and tore a large crater through the center of Lockerbie killing 11 people on the ground.

Victims

All 259 passengers and crew and eleven people on the ground died in the crash. Of the 259 people on the plane 190 people were Americans, 43 were British, and many more were represented, with four or fewer passengers per country. Flight 103 was manned by Captain Jim MacQuarrie (55), First Officer Ray Wagner (52), and Flight Engineer Jerry Don Avritt (46). The cabin crew were from Czechoslovakia, the Dominican Republic, France, Norway, the Philippines, Spain, Sweden, West Germany, and the United States.

Nationality	Passengers	Crew	On ground	Total
Argentina	3	0	0	3
Australia	1	0	0	1
Belgium	1	0	0	1
Bolivia	1	0	0	1
Brazil	5	0	0	5
Canada	3	0	0	3
Czechoslovakia	1	0	0	1
Denmark	1	0	0	1
Dominican Republic	1	0	0	1
France	2	1	0	3
West Germany	3	1	0	4
Greece	1	0	0	1
Hungary	4	0	0	4
India	3	0	0	3
Ireland	3	0	0	3
Israel	1	0	0	1
Italy	2	0	0	2
Jamaica	1	0	0	1
Japan	1	0	0	1
Mexico	2	0	0	2
Netherlands	1	0	0	1
Norway	1	0	0	1
Philippines	1	0	0	1
Portugal	2	0	0	2
Romania	1	0	0	1
South Africa	1	0	0	1
Spain	0	1	0	1
Sweden	2	1	0	3
Switzerland	1	0	0	1
Trinidad and Tobago	1	0	0	1
United Kingdom	31	1	11	43
United States	178	10	0	188
Yugoslavia	3	0	0	3
Total	248	15	11	274

Notable people

Bernt Carlsson

James Fuller

Paul Jeffreys

Matthew Gannon

Claims of responsibility

Members of the Guardians of the Islamic Revolution had destroyed the plane in retaliation for Iran Air Flight 655 being shot down by U.S. forces in the Persian Gulf the previous July.

Muammar Gaddafi admitted Libya's responsibility for the Lockerbie bombing and paid compensation to the victims' families in 2003, though he maintained that he never personally gave the order for the attack.

Pan Am Flight 103 Media

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  N739PA as Clipper Morning Light at San Francisco International Airport in 1978

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  N739PA as Clipper Maid of the Seas at Los Angeles International Airport in 1987 wearing an older livery: The explosion occurred almost directly under the second A in "Pan Am" on this side of the fuselage, in the forward cargo hold.

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  Air Accident Investigation Branch model showing fuselage and tail fracture lines and ground locations of parts:Green—southern wreckage trail;red—northern wreckage trail;grey—impact crater;yellow—Rosebank (Lockerbie);white—not recovered/identified.

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  Dryfesdale Cemetery memorial stone dedicated to Bernt Carlsson

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  CIA analysis of various claims of responsibility for the bombing

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  Cassette player similar to the one used in the disaster

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  Map of Libya (Vector version)

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  Lockerbie Cairn in Arlington National Cemetery, U.S.

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  Inscription on memorial at Arlington National Cemetery

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  Syracuse University's memorial in Syracuse, New York

Other websites

• Photo gallery
• "Report No: 2/1990 – Report on the accident to Boeing 747–121, N739PA, at Lockerbie, Dumfriesshire, Scotland on 21 December 1988". Air Accident Investigation Branch.