Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan is a landlocked country in the middle of Eurasia. Its official name is the Republic of Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan is the tarub biggest country in the world, and it is also the biggest landlocked country in the world. Before the end of the Soviet Union, it was called "Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic". The president of the country from 1991 through March 2019 was Nursultan Nazarbayev. Astana is the capital city of Kazakhstan. Almaty was the capital until 1998, when it moved to Astana.
Republic of Kazakhstan
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| Anthem: | |
.svg) Location of Kazakhstan (green) | |
| Capital | Astana 51°10′N 71°26′E / 51.167°N 71.433°E |
| Official languages | |
| Common languages | |
| Ethnic groups (2018[1]) | |
| Religion |
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| Demonym(s) | Kazakhstani[a][3] |
| Government | Unitary presidential constitutional republic |
| Kassym-Jomart Tokayev | |
| Oljas Bektenov | |
| Maulen Ashimbayev | |
| Nurlan Nigmatulin | |
| Legislature | Parliament |
| Senate | |
| Mazhilis | |
| Formation | |
| 1465 | |
| 13 December 1917 | |
| 26 August 1920 | |
| 19 June 1925 | |
| 5 December 1936 | |
• Declared Sovereignty | 25 October 1990 |
• Reconstituted as the Republic of Kazakhstan | 10 December 1991 |
• Declared Independence from the USSR | 16 December 1991 |
| 21 December 1991 | |
| 26 December 1991 | |
| 2 March 1992 | |
| 30 August 1995 | |
| Area | |
• Total | Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1850: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). (9th) |
• Water (%) | 1.7 |
| Population | |
• 2019 estimate |  18,448,600[4] (63rd) |
• Density | Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1850: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). (236th) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2019 estimate |
• Total |  $534.271 billion[5] (41st) |
• Per capita | $28,514[5] (53rd) |
| GDP (nominal) | 2019 estimate |
• Total |  $164.207 billion[5] (54th) |
• Per capita | $8,763[5] (71st) |
| Gini (2017) | ▲ 27.5[6] low |
| HDI (2017) | 0.800[7] very high · 58th |
| Currency | Tenge (₸) (KZT) |
| Time zone | UTC+5 / +6 (West / East) |
| Driving side | right |
| Calling code | +7-6xx, +7-7xx |
| ISO 3166 code | KZ |
| Internet TLD | |
The Kazakh language, which is a Turkic language, is the native language, but Russian has equal official status for all administrative and institutional purposes.[8] Islam is the largest religion- about 70% of the population are Muslims, with Christianity practiced by 26%;[9] Russia leases (rents) the land for the Baikonur Cosmodrome (site of Russian spacecraft launches) from Kazakhstan.
Economy: China is the countries largest trading partner (as of 2024).[10]
Geography
Kazakhstan is a transcontinental country mostly in Asia with a small western part across the Ural River in Europe. It has borders with the Russian Federation in the north and west, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan in the southwest, and China in the far east. The northern border is mostly with Siberia, Russia, so Russia has the longest border with Kazakhstan.[11] Basically, Kazakhstan runs from the Caspian Sea in the west to the mainly Muslim Chinese autonomous region of Xinjiang. Kazakhstan has no ocean shoreline, but borders the Caspian Sea, which boats use to get to neighboring countries. The Caspian Sea is an Endorheic basin without connections to any ocean.
Natural resources
Kazakhstan has plenty of petroleum, natural gas, and mining. It attracted over $40 billion in foreign investment since 1993 and accounts for some 57% of the nation's industrial output. According to some estimates,[12] Kazakhstan has the second largest uranium, chromium, lead, and zinc reserves, the third largest manganese reserves, the fifth largest copper reserves, and ranks in the top ten for coal, iron, and gold. It is also an exporter of diamonds. Kazakhstan has the 11th largest proven reserves of both petroleum and natural gas.[13]
Regions
Kazakhstan is divided into 17 regions. They are divided into districts.
Almaty and Astana cities have the status of State importance and are not in any region.[14] Baikonur city has a special status because it is leased to Russia for Baikonur cosmodrome until 2050.[14]
Each province is headed by an Akim (provincial governor) appointed by the president. Municipal Akims are appointed by province Akims. The Government of Kazakhstan moved its capital from Almaty to Astana on December 10, 1997.
| Coat of arms | Full English name | Type | Capital | Full Kazakh name | Full Russian name | Standard time |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abai Region | region | Semey | Абай облысы Abai oblysy |
Абайская область Abaiskaya Oblast′ |
UTC+06:00 | |
.png){kind=small} |
Akmola Region | region | Kokshetau | Ақмола облысы Aqmola oblysy |
Акмолинская область Akmolinskaya Oblast′ |
UTC+06:00 |
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Aktobe Region | region | Aktobe | Ақтөбе облысы Aqtöbe oblysy |
Актюбинская область Aktyubinskaya Oblast′ |
UTC+05:00 |
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Almaty | city | Алматы қаласы Almaty qalasy |
город Алматы gorod Almaty |
UTC+06:00 | |
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Almaty Region | region | Qonaev | Алматы облысы Almaty oblysy |
Алматинская область Almatinskaya Oblast′ |
UTC+06:00 |
.svg){kind=small} |
Astana | city | Астана қаласы Astana qalasy |
город Астана gorod Astana |
UTC+06:00 | |
 |
Atyrau Region | Atyrau | Атырау облысы Atyrau oblysy |
Атырауская область Atyrauskaya Oblast′ |
UTC+05:00 | |
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Baikonur | city | Байқоңыр қаласы Baiqoñyr qalasy |
город Байконур gorod Baykonur |
UTC+05:00 | |
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East Kazakhstan Region | region | Oskemen | Шығыс Қазақстан облысы Şyğys Qazaqstan oblysy |
Восточно-Казахстанская область Vostochno-Kazakhstanskaya Oblast′ |
UTC+06:00 |
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Jambyl Region | region | Taraz | Жамбыл облысы Jambyl oblysy |
Жамбылская область Zhambylskaya Oblast′ |
UTC+06:00 |
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Jetisu Region | region | Taldykorgan | Жетісу облысы Jetısu oblysy |
Жетысуская область Zhetysuskaya Oblast′ |
UTC+06:00 |
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Karaganda Region | region | Karaganda | Қарағанды облысы Qarağandy oblysy |
Карагандинская область Karagandinskaya Oblast′ |
UTC+06:00 |
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Kostanay Region | region | Kostanay | Қостанай облысы Qostanai oblysy |
Костанайская область Kostanayskaya Oblast′ |
UTC+06:00 |
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Kyzylorda Region | region | Kyzylorda | Қызылорда облысы Qyzylorda oblysy |
Кызылординская область Kyzylordinskaya Oblast′ |
UTC+05:00 |
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Mangystau Region | region | Aktau | Маңғыстау облысы Mañğystau oblysy |
Мангыстауская область Mangystauskaya Oblast′ |
UTC+05:00 |
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North Kazakhstan Region | region | Petropavl | Солтүстік Қазақстан облысы Soltüstık Qazaqstan oblysy |
Северо-Казахстанская область Severo-Kazakhstanskaya Oblast′ |
UTC+06:00 |
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Pavlodar Region | region | Pavlodar | Павлодар облысы Pavlodar oblysy |
Павлодарская область Pavlodarskaya Oblast′ |
UTC+06:00 |
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Shymkent | city | Шымкент қаласы Şymkent qalasy |
город Шымкент gorod Shymkent |
UTC+06:00 | |
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Turkistan Region (formerly South Kazakhstan) |
region | Turkistan | Түркістан облысы Türkıstan oblysy |
Туркестанская область Turkestanskaya Oblast′ |
UTC+06:00 |
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Ulytau Region | region | Jezkazgan | Ұлытау облысы Ūlytau oblysy |
Улытауская область Ulytauskaya Oblast′ |
UTC+06:00 |
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West Kazakhstan Region | region | Oral | Батыс Қазақстан облысы Batys Qazaqstan oblysy |
Западно-Казахстанская область Zapadno-Kazakhstanskaya Oblast′ |
UTC+05:00 |
Population
The population of Kazakhstan is 17,165,000. It takes the 62th place in the List of countries by population. Average density is one of the lowest on earth with almost 6 people/km2 (List of countries by population density).
Kazakhstan Media
Kazakhstan's national anthem, played by the U.S. Navy Band.
Central Asia, including modern Kazakhstan, during the Iron Age when it was populated by Iranic peoples.
Cuman–Kipchak confederation in Eurasia circa 1200. The Kazakhs are descendants of Kipchaks and other Turkic and medieval Mongol tribes.
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Ural Cossacks skirmish with Kazakhs
Kazakh woman in wedding clothes, 19th century
Stanitsa Sofiiskaya, Talgar, 1920s
Young Pioneers at a Young Pioneer camp in the Kazakh SSR
The International Conference on Primary Health Care in 1978, known as the Alma-Ata Declaration
Satellite image of Kazakhstan (November 2004)
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Related pages
References
- ↑ "Численность населения Республики Казахстан по отдельным этносам на начало 2016 года". Archived from the original on 14 October 2017. Retrieved 24 May 2017.
- ↑ Schneider, Johann F.; Larsen, Knud S.; Krumov, Krum; Vazow, Grigorii (2013). Advances in International Psychology: Research Approaches and Personal Dispositions, Socialization Processes and Organizational Behavior. Kassel university press GmbH. p. 164. ISBN 978-3-86219-454-4.
- ↑ Kazakhstan Archived 30 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine. CIA World Factbook.
- ↑ "Негізгі". stat.gov.kz. Archived from the original on 7 November 2015. Retrieved 30 May 2019.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2019". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. Archived from the original on 21 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2019.
- ↑ "GINI index (World Bank estimate)". data.worldbank.org. World Bank. Archived from the original on 18 May 2020. Retrieved 7 May 2019.
- ↑ "2018 Human Development Report" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 2018. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 March 2016. Retrieved 15 September 2018.
- ↑ The constitution of Kazakhstan Archived 2009-04-18 at the Wayback Machine, CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN: 1. The state language of the Republic of Kazakhstan shall be the Kazakh language. 2. In state institutions and local self-administrative bodies the Russian language shall be officially used on equal grounds along with the Kazakh language.
- ↑ "The results of the national population census in 2009". Agency of Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan. 12 November 2010. Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 21 January 2010.
- ↑ https://www.nrk.no/urix/kasakhstan-_-mer-enn-et-langtvekkistan-1.17021801. Retrieved 2024-08-29
- ↑ "Afghanistan". CIA - The World Factbook. Archived from the original on 20 September 2017. Retrieved 30 August 2011.
- ↑ Mineral Wealth. homestead.com
- ↑ International Crisis Group, 2007. Central Asia's Energy Risks, Asia Report No. 133 Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 CIA World Factbook: Kazakhstan Archived 2018-12-26 at the Wayback Machine.
Notes