2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries
The 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries and caucuses were a series of elections by the Democratic Party to select the about 3,979 pledged delegates to the Democratic National Convention. Those delegates picked the Democratic nominee for president of the United States in the 2020 United States presidential election.
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1,990 of 3,979[a] pledged delegate votes needed to win the presidential nomination at the convention's first ballot.[1] (2,376 of all 4,750[b] delegate votes needed to win any subsequent ballots at a contested convention.)[1] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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First place by popular vote First place by national pledged delegates {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="" style="background-color: transparent; width: 100%"
| width="50%" align="left" valign="top" | Bernie Sanders Joe Biden Pete Buttigieg Michael Bloomberg |} | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The elections took place from February to August 2020 in all fifty U.S. states, the District of Columbia, five U.S. territories, and Democrats Abroad.
On June 5, 2020, Biden passed the threshold of 1,991 delegates, securing the nomination.[2]
Background
The 2020 field of Democratic presidential candidates peaked at more than two dozen candidates.[3] According to Politifact, this field is believed to be the largest field of presidential candidates for any American political party since 1972;[c] it exceeds the field of 17 major candidates who sought the Republican presidential nomination in 2016.[5]
In May 2019, CBS News referred to the field of 2020 Democratic presidential candidates as "the largest and most diverse Democratic primary field in modern history", including at least six female presidential candidates.[6]
Delegate votes
The new superdelegate reforms also regulate how the 2020 Democratic National Convention shall handle the outcome of primaries and caucuses for three potential scenarios:
- If a single candidate wins at least 2,268 pledged delegates: Superdelegates will be allowed to vote at first ballot, as their influence can not overturn the majority of pledged delegates.
- If a single candidate wins 1,886–2,267 pledged delegates: Superdelegates will be barred from voting at first ballot, which solely will be decided by the will of pledged delegates.
- If no candidate wins more than 1,885 pledged delegates: This will result in a contested convention, where superdelegates are barred from voting at the first formal ballot, but regain their right to vote for their preferred presidential nominee for all subsequent ballots needed until the delegates reach a majority.
Candidates
Nominees
2020 Democratic Party ticket | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Joe Biden | Kamala Harris | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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for President | for Vice President | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Vice President of the United States (2009–2017) U.S. senator from Delaware (1973–2009) |
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Campaign | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Withdrawn
Candidates in this section are sorted by date of withdrawal from the primaries | ||||||||
Bernie Sanders | Tulsi Gabbard | Elizabeth Warren | Michael Bloomberg | Amy Klobuchar | Pete Buttigieg | Tom Steyer | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
U.S. senator from Vermont (2007–present) U.S. representative from VT-AL (1991–2007) |
U.S. representative from HI-02 (2013–present) |
U.S. senator from Massachusetts (2013–present) |
Mayor of New York City, New York (2002–2013) CEO of Bloomberg L.P. |
U.S. senator from Minnesota (2007–present) |
Mayor of South Bend, Indiana (2012–2020) |
Hedge fund manager Founder of Farallon Capital and Beneficial State Bank | ||
Campaign | Campaign | Campaign | Campaign | Campaign | Campaign | Campaign | ||
W: April 8, 2020
(endorsed Biden) |
W: March 19, 2020
(endorsed Biden) |
W: March 5, 2020
(endorsed Biden)
|
W: March 4, 2020
(endorsed Biden) |
W: March 2, 2020
(endorsed Biden) |
W: March 1, 2020
(endorsed Biden) |
W: February 29, 2020
(endorsed Biden) | ||
[7][8] | [9][10] | [11][12] | [13][14] | [15][16] | [17][18] | [19][20] | ||
Deval Patrick | Michael Bennet | Andrew Yang | John Delaney | Cory Booker | Marianne Williamson | Julián Castro | ||
Governor of Massachusetts (2007–2015) |
U.S. senator from Colorado (2009–present) |
Entrepreneur Founder of Venture for America |
U.S. representative from MD-06 (2013–2019) |
U.S. senator from New Jersey (2013–present) Mayor of Newark, New Jersey (2006–2013) |
Author Founder of Project Angel Food |
Secretary of Housing and Urban Development (2014–2017) Mayor of San Antonio, Texas (2009–2014) | ||
Campaign | Campaign | Campaign | Campaign | Campaign | Campaign | Campaign | ||
W: February 12, 2020
(endorsed Biden) |
W: February 11, 2020
|
W: February 11, 2020
(endorsed Biden) |
W: January 31, 2020
(endorsed Biden) |
W: January 13, 2020
(endorsed Biden) |
W: January 10, 2020
(endorsed Sanders) |
W: January 2, 2020
(endorsed Warren, then Biden) | ||
[21][22] | [23][24] | [25][26] | [27][28] | [29][30] | [31][32] | [33][34] | ||
Kamala Harris | Steve Bullock | Joe Sestak | Wayne Messam | Beto O'Rourke | Tim Ryan | Bill de Blasio | ||
U.S. senator from California (2017–present) Attorney General of California (2011–2017) |
Governor of Montana (2013–present) Attorney General of Montana (2009–2013) |
U.S. representative from PA-07 (2007–2011) Former Vice Admiral of the United States Navy |
Mayor[broken anchor] of Miramar, Florida (2015–present) |
U.S. representative from TX-16 (2013–2019) |
U.S. representative from OH-13 (2013–present) U.S. representative from OH-17 (2003–2013) |
Mayor of New York City, New York (2014–present) | ||
N/A | ||||||||
Campaign | Campaign | Campaign | Campaign | Campaign | Campaign | Campaign | ||
W: December 2, 2019
|
W: December 3, 2019
(endorsed Biden) |
W: December 1, 2019
(endorsed Klobuchar) |
W: November 19, 2019
|
W: November 1, 2019
(endorsed Biden) |
W: October 24, 2019
(endorsed Biden) |
W: September 20, 2019
(endorsed Sanders) | ||
[35][36] | [37][38] | [39][40] | [41][42] | [43][44] | [45][46] | [47][48] | ||
Kirsten Gillibrand | Seth Moulton | Jay Inslee | John Hickenlooper | Mike Gravel | Eric Swalwell | Richard Ojeda | ||
U.S. senator from New York (2009–present) U.S. representative from NY-20 (2007–2009) |
U.S. representative from MA-06 (2015–present) |
Governor of Washington (2013–present) U.S. representative from WA-01 (1999–2012) U.S. representative from WA-04 (1993–1995) |
Governor of Colorado (2011–2019) Mayor of Denver, Colorado (2003–2011) |
U.S. senator from Alaska (1969–1981) |
U.S. representative from CA-15 (2013–present) |
West Virginia state senator from WV-SD07 (2016–2019) | ||
N/A | ||||||||
Campaign | Campaign | Campaign | Campaign | Campaign | Campaign | Campaign | ||
W: August 28, 2019
(endorsed Biden) |
W: August 23, 2019
(endorsed Biden) |
W: August 21, 2019
|
W: August 15, 2019
(endorsed Bennet) |
W: August 6, 2019
(endorsed Gabbard and Sanders) |
W: July 8, 2019
|
W: January 25, 2019
| ||
[49][50] | [51][52] | [53][54] | [55][56] | [57][58] | [59][60] | [61][62] |
Primary and caucus calendar
Note: Due to COVID-19, most primaries after March 10 were rescheduled.
Timeline
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Convention
The convention was scheduled to be held from July 13–16, 2020, at the Fiserv Forum in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.[63][64] Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, it was held from August 17–20. Most speakers did not go to the central location. Instead, they joined the convention from other places, using the internet.[65]
Maps
Joe Biden |
Michael Bloomberg |
Pete Buttigieg |
Amy Klobuchar |
Bernie Sanders |
Tom Steyer |
Elizabeth Warren |
Tie |
Winner not yet declared |
Polling
Source of poll aggregation | Date updated | Dates polled | Biden | Sanders | Undecided[e] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
270toWin | Mar 19, 2020 | Mar 11–18, 2020 [f] | 55.0% | 34.4% | 10.6% |
FiveThirtyEight | Mar 19, 2020 | Mar 8-17, 2020 [g] | 51.5% | 32.6% | 15.9% |
RealClear Politics | Mar 19, 2020 | Mar 8–16, 2020 | 55.7% | 35.3% | 9.0% |
Average | 54.1% | 34.1% | 11.8% |
2020 Democratic Party Presidential Primaries Media
Notes
- ↑ The overall number of pledged delegates is subject to change as possible penalties are not yet included.[1]
- ↑ The number of extra unpledged delegates (superdelegates), who after the first ballot at a contested convention participate in any subsequently needed nominating ballots (together with the 3,979 pledged delegates), was expected to be 771 as of December 2019, but the exact number of superdelegates is still subject to change due to possible deaths, resignations, accessions, or potential election as a pledged delegate.[1]
- ↑ Prior to the electoral reforms that took effect starting with the 1972 presidential elections, the Democrats used elite-run state conventions to choose convention delegates in two-thirds of the states, and candidates for the presidential nominee could be elected at the national convention of the party without needing to participate in any prior statewide election events.[4] Twenty-nine Democratic candidates announced their presidential candidacies prior to the 1924 Democratic National Convention,[5] and a record of 58 candidates received delegate votes during the 103 nominating ballots at that 17-day-long convention. In the post-reform era, more than three-quarters of the states used primary elections to choose delegates, and over 80% of convention delegates were selected in those primaries.[4] For more information, see McGovern–Fraser Commission.
- ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 Candidate did not appear on any ballots.
- ↑ Calculated by taking the difference of 100% and all other candidates combined
- ↑ 270 to Win reports the date each poll was released, not the dates each poll was administered.
- ↑ Source aggregates polls with a trendline regression of polls rather than a strict average of recent polls.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "The Green Papers". Archived from the original on March 6, 2019. Retrieved August 29, 2019.
- ↑ Detrow, Scott (June 5, 2020). "Biden Formally Clinches Democratic Nomination, While Gaining Steam Against Trump". NPR. Retrieved June 5, 2020.
- ↑ Burns, Alexander; Flegenheimer, Matt; Lee, Jasmine C.; Lerer, Lisa; Martin, Jonathan (2020-01-10). "Who's Running for President in 2020?" (in en-US). The New York Times. . https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/us/politics/2020-presidential-candidates.html. Retrieved 2020-01-12.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Kaufmann, Karen M; Gimpel, James G.; Hoffman, Adam H. (May 2003). "A Promise Fulfilled? Open Primaries and Representation". The Journal of Politics. 65 (2): 457–476. doi:10.1111/1468-2508.t01-2-00009. JSTOR 3449815. S2CID 154515817.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Jacobson, Louis (May 2, 2019). "The big 2020 Democratic primary field: What you need to know". PolitiFact. Archived from the original on May 22, 2019. Retrieved June 23, 2019.
- ↑ Camilo Montoya-Galvez (May 14, 2019). "Steve Bullock, Montana governor, announces he's running for president". CBS. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/steve-bullock-2020-montana-governor-running-for-president-watch-video-announcement-today-05-14-2019/. Retrieved June 29, 2019.
- ↑ (in en) He's In For 2020: Bernie Sanders Is Running For President Again. Vermont Public Radio. https://www.vpr.org/post/hes-2020-bernie-sanders-running-president-again#stream/0. Retrieved February 19, 2019.
- ↑ Woodall, Hunter (April 8, 2020). "Bernie Sanders Suspends 2020 Presidential Campaign". The Daily Beast.
- ↑ Kelly, Caroline (January 12, 2019). "Tulsi Gabbard says she will run for president in 2020". CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2019/01/11/politics/tulsi-gabbard-van-jones/index.html. Retrieved January 11, 2019.
- ↑ Dzhanova, Yelena; Kim, Sunny (March 19, 2020). "Tulsi Gabbard drops out of the Democratic presidential primary, endorses Joe Biden" (in en). CNBC. https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/19/tulsi-gabbard-drops-out-of-the-democratic-presidential-primary.html. Retrieved March 19, 2020.
- ↑ McCarthy, Tom (February 9, 2019). "Senator Elizabeth Warren officially launches 2020 presidential campaign". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/feb/09/senator-elizabeth-warren-democrat-2020-presidential-campaign. Retrieved February 9, 2019.
- ↑ Herndon, Astead W.; Goldmacher, Shane (March 5, 2020). "Elizabeth Warren, Once a Front-Runner, Drops Out of Presidential Race" (in en-US). The New York Times. . https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/05/us/politics/elizabeth-warren-drops-out.html. Retrieved March 5, 2020.
- ↑ Burns, Alexander (November 24, 2019). "Michael Bloomberg Joins 2020 Democratic Field for President" (in en-US). The New York Times. . https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/24/us/politics/michael-bloomberg-2020-presidency.html. Retrieved November 24, 2019.
- ↑ "Mike Bloomberg drops out of presidential race, endorses Biden". PBS. March 4, 2020.
- ↑ Golshan, Tara (February 10, 2019). Sen. Amy Klobuchar has won every one of her elections by huge margins. Now she's running for president. https://www.vox.com/2019/2/10/18136170/amy-klobuchar-running-president-announcement. Retrieved February 10, 2019.
- ↑ Schnieder, Elena (March 2, 2020). "Klobuchar drops out of 2020 campaign, endorses Biden". Politico. https://www.politico.com/news/2020/03/02/klobuchar-to-drop-out-of-2020-campaign-endorse-biden-118823. Retrieved March 2, 2020.
- ↑ Karson, Kendall; Gomez, Justin (April 14, 2019). "Pete Buttigieg, little-known mayor turned presidential contender, makes historic bid". ABC News. https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/mayor-presidential-contender-pete-buttigieg-officially-enter-2020/story?id=62345455. Retrieved April 14, 2019.
- ↑ Epstein, Reid J.; Gabriel, Trip (March 1, 2020). "Pete Buttigieg Drops Out of Democratic Presidential Race" (in en-US). The New York Times. . https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/01/us/politics/pete-buttigieg-drops-out.html. Retrieved March 1, 2020.
- ↑ Burns, Alexander (July 9, 2019). "Tom Steyer Will Run for President and Plans to Spend $100 Million on His Bid". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/09/us/politics/tom-steyer-president.html. Retrieved July 9, 2019.
- ↑ Panetta, Grace (February 29, 2020). "Tom Steyer drops out of the 2020 presidential race". Business Insider. Retrieved March 1, 2020.
- ↑ "Deval Patrick announces 2020 presidential bid". ABC News. November 14, 2019. https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/wireStory/latest-deval-patrick-announces-2020-presidential-bid-67003208. Retrieved November 14, 2019.
- ↑ Morin, Rebecca (February 12, 2020). "Deval Patrick drops out of Democratic presidential race". USA Today. Retrieved February 12, 2020.
- ↑ Gregorian, Dareh (May 2, 2019) (in en). Colorado Sen. Bennet enters presidential race after prostate cancer treatment. https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2020-election/colorado-sen-bennet-enters-presidential-race-after-prostrate-cancer-treatment-n1000971. Retrieved May 2, 2019.
- ↑ (in en) Michael Bennet ends 2020 presidential bid after poor showing in New Hampshire. February 11, 2020. https://www.wdtn.com/news/your-local-election-hq/michael-bennet-ends-2020-bid-after-poor-showing-in-new-hampshire/. Retrieved February 11, 2020.
- ↑ Schwarz, Hunter (February 13, 2019). "Here's how 2020 Democrats announced their campaigns" (in en-US). CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/03/politics/2020-dem-announcements/index.html. Retrieved February 13, 2020.
- ↑ Matthews, Dylan (February 11, 2020). "Andrew Yang suspends his 2020 presidential campaign". Vox.com. Retrieved February 12, 2020.
- ↑ Delaney, John (July 28, 2017). John Delaney: Why I'm running for president. https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/john-delaney-why-im-running-for-president/2017/07/28/02460ae4-73b7-11e7-8f39-eeb7d3a2d304_story.html. Retrieved July 28, 2017.
- ↑ Wang, Amy B (January 31, 2020). John Delaney says he's dropping out of presidential race. https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/john-delaney-says-hes-dropping-out-of-presidential-race/2020/01/31/69187b22-41fe-11ea-b5fc-eefa848cde99_story.html. Retrieved January 31, 2020.
- ↑ Korecki, Natasha (February 1, 2019). "Cory Booker launches bid for president". Politico. Archived from the original on February 1, 2019. Retrieved February 1, 2019.
- ↑ Buck, Rebecca (January 13, 2020). Cory Booker ends 2020 presidential campaign. https://www.cnn.com/2020/01/13/politics/cory-booker-ends-presidential-race/. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
- ↑ "Author Marianne Williamson Announces Presidential Candidacy". NBC. City News Service. January 29, 2019. Retrieved November 1, 2019.
- ↑ Astor, Maggie (January 10, 2020). Marianne Williamson Drops Out of 2020 Presidential Race. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/10/us/politics/marianne-williamson-drops-out.html. Retrieved January 10, 2020.
- ↑ Weber, Paul J. (January 12, 2019). "Former Obama housing chief Julian Castro joins 2020 campaign" (in en-US). Associated Press. https://apnews.com/c8cca001bcbf427189cace7af1de6722. Retrieved January 12, 2019.
- ↑ Medina, Jennifer; Stevens, Matt (January 2, 2020). "Julián Castro Ends Presidential Run: 'It Simply Isn't Our Time'" (in en-US). The New York Times. . https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/02/us/politics/julian-castro-dropping-out.html. Retrieved January 2, 2020.
- ↑ Kelsey, Adam (January 21, 2019). "Sen. Kamala Harris announces she will run for president in 2020". ABC News. https://abcnews.go.com/beta-story-container/Politics/sen-kamala-harris-announces-run-president-2020/story?id=60472358. Retrieved January 21, 2019.
- ↑ Cadelago, Christopher (December 3, 2019). "Kamala Harris drops out of presidential race". Politico. https://www.politico.com/news/2019/12/03/kamala-harris-drops-out-out-of-presidential-race-074902. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
- ↑ GovernorBullock (May 14, 2019). "To give everyone a fair shot, we must do more than defeat Donald Trump. We have to defeat the corrupt system that keeps people like him in power, and we need a fighter who's done it before. That's why I'm running for President. Join our team: stevebullock.com" (Tweet). Retrieved May 14, 2019.
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(help) - ↑ Weigel, David (in en). Montana Gov. Steve Bullock drops out of presidential race. https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/montana-gov-steve-bullock-drops-out-of-presidential-race/2019/12/01/26c220ec-14a0-11ea-a659-7d69641c6ff7_story.html?tidr=a_breakingnews&hpid=hp_no-name_mhp-breaking-news%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar. Retrieved December 2, 2019.
- ↑ Olson, Laura (June 23, 2019). Former Pennsylvania Congressman Joe Sestak announces presidential bid. https://www.mcall.com/news/pennsylvania/capitol-ideas/mc-nws-pa-joe-sestak-announces-run-for-president-20190623-bmsevkhpizcyril3jbfclqhk7a-story.html. Retrieved June 23, 2019.
- ↑ Perano, Ursala (December 1, 2019). Democrat Joe Sestak drops out of 2020 presidential race. https://www.axios.com/joe-sestak-drops-out-2020-presidential-race-413ab22a-6132-4d5d-80a0-81a0b6655245.html. Retrieved December 1, 2019.
- ↑ Merica, Dan (March 28, 2019). Florida Mayor Wayne Messam announces 2020 presidential bid. CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2019/03/28/politics/wayne-messam-announces-2020-bid/index.html. Retrieved March 28, 2019.
- ↑ Collins, Sean (November 20, 2019). "Wayne Messam, who called on Americans to #BeGreat, suspends his presidential bid". Vox. https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2019/11/20/20799135/wayne-messam-2020-presidential-primary-suspend-campaign. Retrieved November 20, 2019.
- ↑ Bradner, Eric; Santiago, Leyla (March 14, 2019). "Beto O'Rourke announces he's running for president in 2020". CNN. Archived from the original on March 14, 2019. Retrieved March 14, 2019.
- ↑ "Democrat Beto O'Rourke ends presidential bid". BBC. November 1, 2019. Retrieved November 1, 2019.
- ↑ Vitali, Ali (April 4, 2019). Ohio Rep. Tim Ryan throws his name into growing 2020 field. https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2020-election/ohio-rep-tim-ryan-throws-his-name-growing-2020-field-n990841. Retrieved April 4, 2019.
- ↑ Merica, Dan (October 24, 2019). Tim Ryan ends 2020 presidential campaign. https://www.cnn.com/2019/10/24/politics/tim-ryan-ends-campaign/index.html.
- ↑ Goldenberg, Sally (May 16, 2019). "New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio enters crowded Democratic 2020 field". Politico. https://www.politico.com/story/2019/05/16/bill-de-blasio-2020-election-1328141. Retrieved May 16, 2019.
- ↑ Goldenberg, Sally; Forgey, Quint (September 20, 2019). "Bill de Blasio ends 2020 presidential campaign". Politico. Retrieved September 20, 2019.
- ↑ Stracqualursi, Veronica (in en). Kirsten Gillibrand officially jumps into 2020 race, teases speech at Trump hotel in New York. https://us.cnn.com/2019/03/17/politics/kirsten-gillibrand-presidential-campaign-2020/index.html. Retrieved March 17, 2019.
- ↑ Burns, Alexander (August 28, 2019) (in en). Kirsten Gillibrand Drops Out of Democratic Presidential Race. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/28/us/politics/kirsten-gillibrand-2020-drop-out.html. Retrieved August 28, 2019.
- ↑ Seitz-Wald, Alex (April 22, 2019). "Rep. Seth Moulton is latest Democrat to enter 2020 field". NBC News. https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2020-election/rep-seth-moulton-latest-democrat-enter-2020-field-n996881. Retrieved April 22, 2019.
- ↑ Allen, Jonathon (August 23, 2019). "Seth Moulton ends presidential campaign". NBC News. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
- ↑ Merica, Dan (March 1, 2019). Washington Gov. Jay Inslee announces 2020 presidential bid. https://www.cnn.com/2019/03/01/politics/inslee-2020-presidential-campaign/index.html. Retrieved March 3, 2019.
- ↑ Gregorian, Dareh (August 21, 2019). Jay Inslee drops out of the 2020 presidential race. https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2020-election/jay-inslee-drops-out-2020-presidential-race-n1045066. Retrieved August 21, 2019.
- ↑ Hickenlooper (August 15, 2019). "This morning, I'm announcing that I'm no longer running for President. While this campaign didn't have the outcome we were hoping for, every moment has been worthwhile & I'm thankful to everyone who supported this campaign and our entire team. bit.ly/2TzVKbS" (Tweet). Retrieved August 15, 2019.
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(help) - ↑ Hughes, Clyde (August 15, 2019). "Democrat Hickenlooper drops out of 2020 presidential race". UPI. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
- ↑ Stuart, Tessa (April 8, 2019). "The Teens Have Officially Convinced Mike Gravel to Run for President" (in en). Rolling Stone. https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/mike-gravel-president-2020-twitter-819247/. Retrieved April 8, 2019.
- ↑ Shen-Berro, Julian (August 7, 2019). "Ex-Alaska Sen. Mike Gravel Ends Unorthodox 2020 Campaign, Endorses Bernie Sanders And Tulsi Gabbard". HuffPost. Retrieved August 7, 2019.
- ↑ Tolan, Casey (April 8, 2019). Eric Swalwell jumps into presidential race with long-shot White House bid. https://www.mercurynews.com/2019/04/08/eric-swalwell-presidential-announcement-california/. Retrieved April 8, 2019.
- ↑ Hudak, Zak (July 8, 2019). "Democrat Eric Swalwell drops out of presidential race". CBS News. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/democrat-eric-swalwell-drops-out-of-presidential-race/.
- ↑ Grim, Ryan (November 11, 2018). "Richard Ojeda, West Virginia Lawmaker Who Backed Teachers Strikes, Will Run for President". The Intercept. https://theintercept.com/2018/11/11/richard-ojeda-2020-president/. Retrieved December 17, 2018.
- ↑ Grim, Ryan (January 25, 2019) (in en-US). Richard Ojeda Drops Out of Presidential Race. https://theintercept.com/2019/01/25/richard-ojeda-president-drops-out/. Retrieved January 25, 2019.
- ↑ "Exclusive: Democrats, anticipating heated primary, set earlier 2020 convention date" (in en-US). CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2018/06/15/politics/dnc-2020-convention-dates/index.html. Retrieved June 15, 2018.
- ↑ Verhovek, John (March 11, 2019). Milwaukee chosen as 2020 Democratic National Convention site. ABC News. https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/milwaukee-chosen-2020-democratic-national-convention-site/story?id=61606127. Retrieved March 11, 2019.
- ↑ WPVI (2020-08-10). "Everything to know about the 2020 Democratic National Convention". 6abc Philadelphia. Retrieved 2020-12-14.