Voiceless labiodental fricative

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Voiceless labiodental fricative
f
IPA number128
Encoding
Entity (decimal)f
Unicode (hex)U+0066
X-SAMPAf
 

The voiceless labiodental fricative is a type of consonant. The letter for this sound in the International Phonetic Alphabet is ⟨f⟩. The X-SAMPA symbol for this sound is ⟨f⟩. The English language has this sound, and it is the sound represented by 'f' in fear and face.

Features

  • The airstream mechanism is pulmonic. It means that we produce this sound by pushing air solely with the lungs and diaphragm, as in most sounds.
  • Its phonation is voiceless. It means that we produce this sound without vibrations of the vocal cords. In some languages the vocal cords are actively separated, so it is always voiceless; in others the cords are lax, so that it may take on the voicing of adjacent sounds.
  • We produce it at labiodental. It means that we produce this sound with the lower lips and the upper teeth.
  • Its behavior is fricative. It means that we produce this sound by constricting air flow through a narrow channel at the place of articulation, to make turbulence.

Examples

Language Word IPA Meaning
Abkhaz 'ф'ы/fy [fə] 'lightning'
Adyghe т'ф'ы/tfy [tfə] (help·info) 'five'
Albanian 'f'aqe [facɛ] 'cheek'
Arabic Modern Standard[1] ظر'ف'/th'arf [ðˤɑrf] 'envelope'
Armenian Eastern[2] 'ֆ'ուտբոլ/futbol [fut̪bol] (help·info) 'football'
Assyrian ܦܬܐ pata [fɔθɔ] 'face'
Assamese বৰ'ফ'/borof [bɔɹɔf] 'snow/ice'
Azeri tüfəng [t̪y̆fæɲɟ] 'ɡun'
Basque 'f'in [fin] 'thin'
Bengali 'ফু'ল/ful [ful] 'flower'
Catalan[3] 'f'ort [ˈfɔɾt] 'strong'
Chechen 'ф'акс / 'f'aks [faks] 'fax'
Chinese Cantonese 飛 / 'f'ēi [fei̯˥] (help·info) 'to fly'
Mandarin 飛 (traditional) / 飞(simplified) / 'f'ēi [feɪ̯˥] (help·info)
Coptic 'ϥ'ⲧⲟⲟⲩ/ftoow [ftow] 'four'
Czech 'f'oukat [ˈfoʊ̯kat] 'to blow'
Dutch[4] 'f'iets [fits] 'bike'
English All dialects fill [fɪɫ] 'fill'
Cockney[5] think [fɪŋk] 'think'
Many British urban dialects[6]
Some younger New Zealanders[7][8]
Broad South African[9]
Indian South African[10] fair [ʋ̥eː] 'fair'
Esperanto 'f'ajro [ˈfajɾo] 'fire'
Ewe[11] e'f'len [éflé̃] 'he spit off'
French[12] 'f'abuleuse [fäbyˈløːz̪] 'fabulous'
Galician 'f'aísca [faˈiska]
German 'f'ade [ˈfaːdə] 'bland'
Goemai f'at' [fat] 'to blow'
Greek 'φ'ύση / 'f'ysī [ˈfisi]
Gujarati 'ફ'ળ / 'fa'ļ [fəɭ] 'fruit'
Hebrew סו'פ'ר/sofer [so̞fe̞ʁ] 'writer'
Hindustani सा'फ़' / صاف/saaf [sɑːf] 'clean'
Hungarian 'f'igyel [ˈfiɟɛl] 'he/she pays attention'
Indonesian 'f'ajar [fadʒar] 'dawn'
Italian 'f'antasma [fän̪ˈt̪äzmä] 'ghost'
Kabardian 'ф'ыз/fyz [fəz] 'woman'
Kabyle a'f'us [afus] 'hand'
Khmer កាហ្វេ / kahvé [kaːfeː] 'coffee'
Macedonian 'ф'онетика/fonetika [fɔnetika] 'phonetics'
Māori 'wh'akapapa [fakapapa] 'genealogy'
Malay 'f'eri [feri] 'ferry'
Maltese 'f'enek [fenek] 'rabbit'
Norwegian 'f'ilter [filtɛɾ] 'filter'
Persian فکر/fekr [fekr] 'thought'
Polish[13] 'f'utro [ˈfut̪rɔ] (help·info) 'fur'
Portuguese[14] 'f'ala [ˈfalɐ] 'speech'
Punjabi ਫ਼ੌਜੀ/faujī [fɔːd͡ʒi] 'soldier'
Romanian[15] 'f'oc [fo̞k] 'fire'
Russian[16] ор'ф'огра'ф'ия/orfografiya [ɐrfɐˈɡrafʲɪjə] 'orthography'
Serbo-Croatian[17] 'ф'аза / 'f'aza [fǎːz̪ä] 'phase'
Slovak 'f'úkať [ˈfu̞ːkätɕ] 'to blow'
Somali 'f'eex [fɛħ] 'wart'
Spanish[18] 'f'antasma [fã̠n̪ˈt̪a̠zma̠] 'ghost'
Swahili ku'f'a [kufɑ] 'to die'
Swedish 'f'isk [ˈfɪsk] 'fish'
Thai 'ฝ'น/fon [fon˩˩˦] 'rain'
Turkish sa'f' [säf] 'pure'
Ukrainian[19] 'Ф'астів/fastiv [ˈfɑsʲtʲiw] 'Fastiv'
Vietnamese[20] 'ph'áo [faːw˧ˀ˥] 'firecracker'
Welsh 'ff'on [fɔn] 'stick'
West Frisian 'f'ol [foɫ] 'full'
Yi ꃚ / 'f'u [fu˧] 'roast'
Zapotec Tilquiapan[21] cafe [kafɘ] 'coffee'

Notes

  1. ↑ Thelwall (1990:37)
  2. ↑ Dum-Tragut (2009:18)
  3. ↑ Carbonell & Llisterri (1992:53)
  4. ↑ Gussenhoven (1992:45)
  5. ↑ Wells (1982), p. 328.
  6. ↑ Britain (2005), p. 1005.
  7. ↑ Wood (2003), p. 50.
  8. ↑ Gordon & Maclagan (2008), p. 74.
  9. ↑ Bowerman (2004), p. 939.
  10. ↑ Mesthrie (2004), p. 960.
  11. ↑ Ladefoged (2005:156)
  12. ↑ Fougeron & Smith (1993:73)
  13. ↑ Jassem (2003:103)
  14. ↑ Cruz-Ferreira (1995:91)
  15. ↑ DEX Online : [1]
  16. ↑ Padgett (2003:42)
  17. ↑ Landau et al. (1999), p. 67.
  18. ↑ Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003:255)
  19. ↑ Danyenko & Vakulenko (1995), p. 4.
  20. ↑ Thompson (1959:458–461)
  21. ↑ Merrill (2008:109)

References

  • Altendorf, Ulrike. A handbook of varieties of English 1: Phonology (2004)Mouton de Gruyter. p. 181–196. ISBN 3-11-017532-0.
  • Bowerman, Sean. A handbook of varieties of English 1: Phonology (2004)Mouton de Gruyter. p. 931–942. ISBN 3-11-017532-0.
  • Britain, David. Innovation diffusion: "Estuary English" and local dialect differentiation: The survival of Fenland Englishes. Linguistics 43 (5) (2005). p. 995–1022. doi:10.1515/ling.2005.43.5.995.
  • Carbonell, Joan F.. Catalan. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 22 (1–2) (1992). p. 53–56. doi:10.1017/S0025100300004618.
  • Clark, Lynn. Advances in Cognitive Linguistics (2010). Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-022645-4.
  • Cruz-Ferreira, Madalena. European Portuguese. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 25 (2) (1995). p. 90–94. doi:10.1017/S0025100300005223.
  • Danylenko, Andrii. Ukrainian (1995)Lincom Europa. ISBN 9783929075083.
  • Dum-Tragut, Jasmine. Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian (2009). Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
  • Fougeron, Cecile. Illustrations of the IPA:French. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 23 (2) (1993). p. 73–76. doi:10.1017/S0025100300004874.
  • Gordon, Elizabeth. Varieties of English 3: The Pacific and Australasia (2008). Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. p. 64–76. ISBN 978-3110208412.
  • Gussenhoven, Carlos. Dutch. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 22 (2) (1992). p. 45–47. doi:10.1017/S002510030000459X.
  • Jassem, Wiktor. Polish. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 33 (1) (2003). p. 103–107. doi:10.1017/S0025100303001191.
  • Ladefoged, Peter. Vowels and Consonants (2005)Blackwell.
  • Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio. Castilian Spanish. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 33 (2) (2003). p. 255–259. doi:10.1017/S0025100303001373.
  • Merrill, Elizabeth. Tilquiapan Zapotec. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 38 (1) (2008). p. 107–114. doi:10.1017/S0025100308003344.
  • Mesthrie, Rajend. A handbook of varieties of English 1: Phonology (2004)Mouton de Gruyter. p. 953–963. ISBN 3-11-017532-0.
  • Padgett, Jaye. Contrast and Post-Velar Fronting in Russian. Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 21 (1) (2003). p. 39–87. doi:10.1023/A:1021879906505.
  • Rogers, Derek. Italian. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 34 (1) (2004). p. 117–121. doi:10.1017/S0025100304001628.
  • Thompson, Laurence. Saigon phonemics. Language 35 (3) (1959). p. 454–476. doi:10.2307/411232.
  • Thelwall, Robin. Illustrations of the IPA: Arabic. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 20 (2) (1990). p. 37–41. doi:10.1017/S0025100300004266.
  • Wells, John C.. Accents of English 2: The British Isles (1982). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-24224-X.
  • Wood, Elizabeth. TH-fronting: The substitution of f/v for θ/ð in New Zealand English. New Zealand English Journal 17 (2003). p. 50–56.
  • Landau, Ernestina. Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet (1999). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 66–69. ISBN 978-0-521-65236-0.
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