Czech Republic
Czechia (Czech: Česko, is a country in Central Europe. As of 2 May 2016, the official long name of the country is Czech Republic (Czech: Česká republika, pronounced [ˈtʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka] (
listen)). The capital and the biggest city is Prague (Czech: Praha, pronounced [ˈpraha]). The currency is the Czech Crown (koruna česká - CZK). €1 is about 25 CZK. The president of Czechia is Petr Pavel. Czechia's population is about 10.5 million.
Czech Republic Česká republika (Czech) | |
|---|---|
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| Motto: | |
| Anthem: | |
![Location of the Czech Republic (dark green) – on the European continent (green & dark grey) – in the European Union (green) — [Legend]](/wiki/File:EU-Czech_Republic.svg) Location of the Czech Republic (dark green) – on the European continent (green & dark grey) | |
| Capital and largest city | Prague 50°05′N 14°28′E / 50.083°N 14.467°E |
| Czech[1] | |
List
| |
| Ethnic groups (2011[2]) | |
| Religion |
|
| Demonym(s) | Czech |
| Government | Unitary parliamentary constitutional republic |
| Petr Pavel | |
| Petr Fiala | |
| Legislature | Parliament |
| Senate | |
| Chamber of Deputies | |
| Formation | |
| c. 870 | |
| 1198 | |
| 28 October 1918 | |
| 1 January 1969 | |
• Czech Republic became independent | 1 January 1993 |
• Joined the European Union | 1 May 2004 |
| Area | |
• Total | Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1850: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). (115th) |
• Water (%) | 2.12 (as of 2020)[3] |
| Population | |
• 2021 estimate | 10,701,777[4] (86th) |
• 2011 census | 10,436,560[5] |
• Density | Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1850: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). (62th) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2020 estimate |
• Total |  $432.346 billion[6] (36th) |
• Per capita | $40,585[6] (34th) |
| GDP (nominal) | 2020 estimate |
• Total | $261.732 billion[6] (36th) |
• Per capita | $24,569[6] (37th) |
| Gini (2019) |  24.0[7]low · 5th |
| HDI (2019) | 0.900[8] very high · 27th |
| Currency | Czech koruna (CZK) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Date format | dd/mm/yyyy |
| Driving side | right |
| Calling code | +420b |
| ISO 3166 code | CZ |
| Internet TLD | .czc |
| |
The local language is the Czech language, a Slavic language related to languages like Slovak and Polish.
Czechia has no sea; its neighbour countries are Germany, Austria, Slovakia, and Poland.
History
Its history dates from the 9th century AD, for a long time it was one of the most powerful countries in Central Europe. Later on it was the biggest, most populated and richest country of the First Reich, where many Emperors started their career. Under the conditions of the Treaty of Vienna 1515 parts of Czechia, then in the Kingdoms of Bohemia and Hungary, came under Habsburg rule after the death of Louis the Jagiellon in 1526. They stayed a part of the Habsburg dynasty rule until 1918.
The area of the today's Czechia was a part of Czechoslovakia (current area of Czechia and Slovak republic) from 1918 to 1992. Czechoslovakia became independent in 1918 from Austro-Hungarian Empire. The first Czechoslovakian president was Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk. In February 1948 the Communist party took over the country and for the next 41 years Czechoslovakia was a Socialist state with a rule of one (Communist) party. In 1968 there was a reformation movement (Prague Spring) within the Communist party, but reforms were stopped by the invasion of Warsaw pact armies. In November 1989 Czechoslovakia returned to democracy through the peaceful "Velvet Revolution". Czechoslovakia peacefully split into two countries (Czechia and Slovakia) in 1993. Czechia has been a member of the European Union since 1 May 2004, and a member of NATO since 12 March 1999.
Geography
The highest point in the country is Sněžka at 1,602 m (5,256 ft).
There are four national parks in Czechia. The oldest is Krkonoše National Park. The others are Šumava National Park, Podyjí National Park, Bohemian Switzerland.
Regions
In 1949 the Communist government created 13 centralized regions instead of historical countries. In 1960 the regions changed leaving only 8 regions. In 2000 14 regions were formed with their own regional self-government.
| English name | Czech name | Administrative seat |
|---|---|---|
| Prague, the Capital City | Hlavní město Praha | Prague |
| Central Bohemian Region | Středočeský kraj | Prague |
| South Bohemian Region | Jihočeský kraj | České Budějovice |
| Plzeň Region | Plzeňský kraj | Plzeň |
| Karlovy Vary Region | Karlovarský kraj | Karlovy Vary |
| Ústí nad Labem Region | Ústecký kraj | Ústí nad Labem |
| Liberec Region | Liberecký kraj | Liberec |
| Hradec Králové Region | Královehradecký kraj | Hradec Králové |
| Pardubice Region | Pardubický kraj | Pardubice |
| Olomouc Region | Olomoucký kraj | Olomouc |
| Moravian-Silesian Region | Moravskoslezský kraj | Ostrava |
| South Moravian Region | Jihomoravský kraj | Brno |
| Zlín Region | Zlínský kraj | Zlín |
| Vysočina region | Kraj Vysočina | Jihlava |
Religion
| Religion in the Czech Republic (2011)[11] | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Undeclared | 45.2% | |||
| Irreligion | 34.2% | |||
| Roman Catholicism | 10.3% | |||
| Other religions | 9.4% | |||
| Protestantism | 0.8% | |||
Czechia has one of the least religious populations in the world. According to the 2011 census, 34.2% of the population stated they had no religion, 10.3% were Roman Catholic, 0.8% were Protestant (0.5% Czech Brethren and 0.4% Hussite), and 9.4% followed other forms of religion both denominational or not (of which 863 people answered they are Pagan). 45.2% of the population did not answer the question about religion.
Czech Republic Media
The Czech anthem, instrumental version. The Prague National Theatre Orchestra
The Crown of Bohemia within the Holy Roman Empire (1600). The Czech lands were part of the Empire in 1002–1806, and Prague was the imperial seat in 1346–1437 and 1583–1611.
Battle between Hussites and crusaders during the Hussite Wars; Jena Codex, 15th century
The 1618 Defenestration of Prague marked the beginning of the Bohemian Revolt against the Habsburgs and therefore the first phase of the Thirty Years' War.
The First Czechoslovak Republic comprised 27% of the population of the former Austria-Hungary and nearly 80% of the industry.
Prague during the 1968 Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
Václav Havel, one of the most important figures in Czech history during the 20th century. Leader of the Velvet Revolution, the last president of Czechoslovakia and the first president of the Czech Republic.
Geographic map of the Czech Republic. Geographic limits of the map:
Köppen climate classification types of the Czech Republic using the 0 °C isotherm* Humid continental climate* Subarctic climate
Köppen climate classification types of the Czech Republic using the −3 °C isotherm* Humid continental climate* Oceanic climate* Subarctic climate
.svg)
Related pages
References
- ↑ "Czech language". Czech Republic – Official website. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic. Archived from the original on 6 November 2011. Retrieved 14 November 2011.
- ↑ "Czech Republic Population 2014". World Population Review. Retrieved 7 January 2017.
- ↑ "Public database: Land use (as at 31 December)". Czech Statistical Office. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
- ↑ "Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2021". Czech Statistical Office. 30 April 2021.
- ↑ "Public database: Census 2011". Çek İstatistik Ofisi. 2 June 2021. Archived from the original on 10 July 2017.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2019". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 2 November 2019.
- ↑ "Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income - EU-SILC survey". ec.europa.eu. Eurostat. Archived from the original on 20 March 2019. Retrieved 3 July 2020.
- ↑ "Human Development Report 2020" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 10 December 2019. Retrieved 10 December 2019.
- ↑ Citizens belonging to minorities, which traditionally and on a long-term basis live within the territory of the Czech Republic, enjoy the right to use their language in communication with authorities and in courts of law (for the list of recognized minorities see National Minorities Policy of the Government of the Czech Republic, Belorussian and Vietnamese since 4 July 2013, see Česko má nové oficiální národnostní menšiny. Vietnamce a Bělorusy). Article 25 of the Czech Charter of Fundamental Rights and Basic Freedoms ensures the right of the national and ethnic minorities to education and communication with the authorities in their own language. Act No. 500/2004 Coll. (The Administrative Rule) in its paragraph 16 (4) (Procedural Language) ensures that a citizen of the Czech Republic who belongs to a national or an ethnic minority, which traditionally and on a long-term basis lives within the territory of the Czech Republic, has the right to address an administrative agency and proceed before it in the language of the minority. If the administrative agency has no employee with knowledge of the language, the agency is bound to obtain a translator at the agency's own expense. According to Act No. 273/2001 (Concerning the Rights of Members of Minorities) paragraph 9 (The right to use language of a national minority in dealing with authorities and in front of the courts of law) the same also applies to members of national minorities in the courts of law.
- ↑ The Slovak language may be considered an official language in the Czech Republic under certain circumstances, as defined by several laws – e.g. law 500/2004, 337/1992. Source: http://portal.gov.cz. Cited: "Například Správní řád (zákon č. 500/2004 Sb.) stanovuje: "V řízení se jedná a písemnosti se vyhotovují v českém jazyce. Účastníci řízení mohou jednat a písemnosti mohou být předkládány i v jazyce slovenském ..." (§ 16, odstavec 1). Zákon o správě daní a poplatků (337/1992 Sb.) "Úřední jazyk: Před správcem daně se jedná v jazyce českém nebo slovenském. Veškerá písemná podání se předkládají v češtině nebo slovenštině ..." (§ 3, odstavec 1). http://portal.gov.cz
- ↑ "Population by religious belief and by municipality size groups" (PDF). Czech Statistical Office. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 February 2015. Retrieved 23 April 2012.
Other websites
- Czechia pictures Archived 5 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine
- Czechia map Archived 2004-12-21 at the Wayback Machine
- Czechia map - Google Maps style Archived 8 June 2005 at the Wayback Machine
- Czechia - Immigration Archived 6 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine
- Czechia - Business Archived 19 September 2010 at the Wayback Machine
- Czech Republic[dead link]