Block (periodic table)
.svg)
A long periodic table showing, from left to right: the s-, d-, f-, and p-blocks. They are named after the orbital.[1]
A block on the periodic table is a group of elements that all have their electrons in the same atomic orbital. There are four blocks, s-, d-, f, and p-.[1] The word "block" was first used to describe this by Charles Janet.[2]
| Group → | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ↓ Period | |||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | title="s-block; Primordial; Gas " style="text-align:center; color:Template:Element color/Gas; background:Template:Element color/s-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 1 H |
title="s-block; Primordial; Gas " style="text-align:center; color:Template:Element color/Gas; background:Template:Element color/s-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 2 He | |||||||||||||||||
| 2 | title="s-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/s-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 3 Li |
title="s-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/s-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 4 Be |
title="p-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/p-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 5 B |
title="p-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/p-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 6 C |
title="p-block; Primordial; Gas " style="text-align:center; color:Template:Element color/Gas; background:Template:Element color/p-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 7 N |
title="p-block; Primordial; Gas " style="text-align:center; color:Template:Element color/Gas; background:Template:Element color/p-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 8 O |
title="p-block; Primordial; Gas " style="text-align:center; color:Template:Element color/Gas; background:Template:Element color/p-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 9 F |
title="p-block; Primordial; Gas " style="text-align:center; color:Template:Element color/Gas; background:Template:Element color/p-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 10 Ne | |||||||||||
| 3 | title="s-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/s-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 11 Na |
title="s-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/s-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 12 Mg |
title="p-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/p-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 13 Al |
title="p-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/p-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 14 Si |
title="p-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/p-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 15 P |
title="p-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/p-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 16 S |
title="p-block; Primordial; Gas " style="text-align:center; color:Template:Element color/Gas; background:Template:Element color/p-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 17 Cl |
title="p-block; Primordial; Gas " style="text-align:center; color:Template:Element color/Gas; background:Template:Element color/p-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 18 Ar | |||||||||||
| 4 | title="s-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/s-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 19 K |
title="s-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/s-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 20 Ca |
title="d-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/d-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 21 Sc |
title="d-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/d-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 22 Ti |
title="d-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/d-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 23 V |
title="d-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/d-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 24 Cr |
title="d-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/d-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 25 Mn |
title="d-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/d-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 26 Fe |
title="d-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/d-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 27 Co |
title="d-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/d-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 28 Ni |
title="d-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/d-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 29 Cu |
title="d-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/d-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 30 Zn |
title="p-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/p-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 31 Ga |
title="p-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/p-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 32 Ge |
title="p-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/p-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 33 As |
title="p-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/p-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 34 Se |
title="p-block; Primordial; Liquid" style="text-align:center; color:green; background:Template:Element color/p-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 35 Br |
title="p-block; Primordial; Gas " style="text-align:center; color:Template:Element color/Gas; background:Template:Element color/p-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 36 Kr | |
| 5 | title="s-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/s-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 37 Rb |
title="s-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/s-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 38 Sr |
title="d-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/d-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 39 Y |
title="d-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/d-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 40 Zr |
title="d-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/d-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 41 Nb |
title="d-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/d-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 42 Mo |
title="d-block; from decay; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/d-block; border:Template:Element frame/from decay;" | 43 Tc |
title="d-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/d-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 44 Ru |
title="d-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/d-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 45 Rh |
title="d-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/d-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 46 Pd |
title="d-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/d-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 47 Ag |
title="d-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/d-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 48 Cd |
title="p-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/p-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 49 In |
title="p-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/p-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 50 Sn |
title="p-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/p-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 51 Sb |
title="p-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/p-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 52 Te |
title="p-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/p-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 53 I |
title="p-block; Primordial; Gas " style="text-align:center; color:Template:Element color/Gas; background:Template:Element color/p-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 54 Xe | |
| 6 | title="s-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/s-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 55 Cs |
title="s-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/s-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 56 Ba |
title="d-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/d-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 57 La |
 |
title="d-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/d-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 72 Hf |
title="d-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/d-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 73 Ta |
title="d-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/d-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 74 W |
title="d-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/d-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 75 Re |
title="d-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/d-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 76 Os |
title="d-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/d-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 77 Ir |
title="d-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/d-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 78 Pt |
title="d-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/d-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 79 Au |
title="d-block; Primordial; Liquid" style="text-align:center; color:green; background:Template:Element color/d-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 80 Hg |
title="p-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/p-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 81 Tl |
title="p-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/p-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 82 Pb |
title="p-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/p-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 83 Bi |
title="p-block; from decay; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/p-block; border:Template:Element frame/from decay;" | 84 Po |
title="p-block; from decay; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/p-block; border:Template:Element frame/from decay;" | 85 At |
title="p-block; from decay; Gas " style="text-align:center; color:Template:Element color/Gas; background:Template:Element color/p-block; border:Template:Element frame/from decay;" | 86 Rn |
| 7 | title="s-block; from decay; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/s-block; border:Template:Element frame/from decay;" | 87 Fr |
title="s-block; from decay; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/s-block; border:Template:Element frame/from decay;" | 88 Ra |
title="d-block; from decay; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/d-block; border:Template:Element frame/from decay;" | 89 Ac |
 |
title="d-block; synthetic; Unknown phase" style="text-align:center; color:Template:Element color/Unknown phase; background:Template:Element color/d-block; border:Template:Element frame/synthetic;" | 104 Rf |
title="d-block; synthetic; Unknown phase" style="text-align:center; color:Template:Element color/Unknown phase; background:Template:Element color/d-block; border:Template:Element frame/synthetic;" | 105 Db |
title="d-block; synthetic; Unknown phase" style="text-align:center; color:Template:Element color/Unknown phase; background:Template:Element color/d-block; border:Template:Element frame/synthetic;" | 106 Sg |
title="d-block; synthetic; Unknown phase" style="text-align:center; color:Template:Element color/Unknown phase; background:Template:Element color/d-block; border:Template:Element frame/synthetic;" | 107 Bh |
title="d-block; synthetic; Unknown phase" style="text-align:center; color:Template:Element color/Unknown phase; background:Template:Element color/d-block; border:Template:Element frame/synthetic;" | 108 Hs |
title="d-block; synthetic; Unknown phase" style="text-align:center; color:Template:Element color/Unknown phase; background:Template:Element color/d-block; border:Template:Element frame/synthetic;" | 109 Mt |
title="d-block; synthetic; Unknown phase" style="text-align:center; color:Template:Element color/Unknown phase; background:Template:Element color/d-block; border:Template:Element frame/synthetic;" | 110 Ds |
title="d-block; synthetic; Unknown phase" style="text-align:center; color:Template:Element color/Unknown phase; background:Template:Element color/d-block; border:Template:Element frame/synthetic;" | 111 Rg |
title="d-block; synthetic; Unknown phase" style="text-align:center; color:Template:Element color/Unknown phase; background:Template:Element color/d-block; border:Template:Element frame/synthetic;" | 112 Cn |
title="p-block; synthetic; Unknown phase" style="text-align:center; color:Template:Element color/Unknown phase; background:Template:Element color/p-block; border:Template:Element frame/synthetic;" | 113 Nh |
title="p-block; synthetic; Unknown phase" style="text-align:center; color:Template:Element color/Unknown phase; background:Template:Element color/p-block; border:Template:Element frame/synthetic;" | 114 Fl |
title="p-block; synthetic; Unknown phase" style="text-align:center; color:Template:Element color/Unknown phase; background:Template:Element color/p-block; border:Template:Element frame/synthetic;" | 115 Mc |
title="p-block; synthetic; Unknown phase" style="text-align:center; color:Template:Element color/Unknown phase; background:Template:Element color/p-block; border:Template:Element frame/synthetic;" | 116 Lv |
title="p-block; synthetic; Unknown phase" style="text-align:center; color:Template:Element color/Unknown phase; background:Template:Element color/p-block; border:Template:Element frame/synthetic;" | 117 Ts |
title="p-block; synthetic; Unknown phase" style="text-align:center; color:Template:Element color/Unknown phase; background:Template:Element color/p-block; border:Template:Element frame/synthetic;" | 118 Og |
|
title="f-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/f-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 58 Ce |
title="f-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/f-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 59 Pr |
title="f-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/f-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 60 Nd |
title="f-block; from decay; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/f-block; border:Template:Element frame/from decay;" | 61 Pm |
title="f-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/f-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 62 Sm |
title="f-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/f-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 63 Eu |
title="f-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/f-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 64 Gd |
title="f-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/f-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 65 Tb |
title="f-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/f-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 66 Dy |
title="f-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/f-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 67 Ho |
title="f-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/f-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 68 Er |
title="f-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/f-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 69 Tm |
title="f-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/f-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 70 Yb |
title="f-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/f-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 71 Lu | |||||
|
title="f-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/f-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 90 Th |
title="f-block; from decay; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/f-block; border:Template:Element frame/from decay;" | 91 Pa |
title="f-block; Primordial; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/f-block; border:2px solid #8811ff;" | 92 U |
title="f-block; from decay; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/f-block; border:Template:Element frame/from decay;" | 93 Np |
title="f-block; from decay; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/f-block; border:Template:Element frame/from decay;" | 94 Pu |
title="f-block; synthetic; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/f-block; border:Template:Element frame/synthetic;" | 95 Am |
title="f-block; synthetic; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/f-block; border:Template:Element frame/synthetic;" | 96 Cm |
title="f-block; synthetic; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/f-block; border:Template:Element frame/synthetic;" | 97 Bk |
title="f-block; synthetic; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/f-block; border:Template:Element frame/synthetic;" | 98 Cf |
title="f-block; synthetic; Solid" style="text-align:center; color:black; background:Template:Element color/f-block; border:Template:Element frame/synthetic;" | 99 Es |
title="f-block; synthetic; Unknown phase" style="text-align:center; color:Template:Element color/Unknown phase; background:Template:Element color/f-block; border:Template:Element frame/synthetic;" | 100 Fm |
title="f-block; synthetic; Unknown phase" style="text-align:center; color:Template:Element color/Unknown phase; background:Template:Element color/f-block; border:Template:Element frame/synthetic;" | 101 Md |
title="f-block; synthetic; Unknown phase" style="text-align:center; color:Template:Element color/Unknown phase; background:Template:Element color/f-block; border:Template:Element frame/synthetic;" | 102 No |
title="f-block; synthetic; Unknown phase" style="text-align:center; color:Template:Element color/Unknown phase; background:Template:Element color/f-block; border:Template:Element frame/synthetic;" | 103 Lr | |||||
Blocks
p-block
The p-block is on the right side of the periodic table. Elements from groups 13-18 are in the p-block.
d-block
The d-block is in the middle of the periodic table. Elements from groups 3 to 12 are in the d-block.
f-block
The f-block is shown in green in the illustration above. The elements 57 to 71 are called Lanthanides, elements 89 to 103 are called Actinides.
s-block
The s-block is on the left side of the periodic table. Elements from groups 1-2 are in the s-block.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Jensen, William B. (21 March 2015). "The positions of lanthanum (actinium) and lutetium (lawrencium) in the periodic table: an update". Foundations of Chemistry. 17: 23–31. doi:10.1007/s10698-015-9216-1. S2CID 98624395.
- ↑ Charles Janet, La classification hélicoïdale des éléments chimiques, Beauvais, 1928