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Neon
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General properties | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Appearance | colorless gas exhibiting an orange-red glow when placed in an electric field | ||||||||||||||||||||
Standard atomic weight (Ar, standard) | 20.1797(6)[1] | ||||||||||||||||||||
Neon in the periodic table | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Atomic number (Z) | 10 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Group | group 18 (noble gases) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Period | period 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Block | p-block | ||||||||||||||||||||
Element category | noble gas | ||||||||||||||||||||
Electron configuration | [He] 2s2 2p6 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Electrons per shell | 2, 8 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Physical properties | |||||||||||||||||||||
Phase at STP | Ne: Gas | ||||||||||||||||||||
Melting point | 24.56 K (−248.59 °C, −415.46 °F) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Boiling point | 27.104 K (−246.046 °C, −410.883 °F) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Density (at STP) | 0.9002 g/L | ||||||||||||||||||||
when liquid (at b.p.) | 1.207 g/cm3[2] | ||||||||||||||||||||
Triple point | 24.556 K, 43.37 kPa[3][4] | ||||||||||||||||||||
Critical point | 44.4918 K, 2.7686 MPa[4] | ||||||||||||||||||||
Heat of fusion | 0.335 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||||||||
Heat of vaporization | 1.71 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||||||||
Molar heat capacity | 20.79[5] J/(mol·K) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Vapor pressure
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Atomic properties | |||||||||||||||||||||
Oxidation states | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Ionization energies |
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Covalent radius | 58 pm | ||||||||||||||||||||
Van der Waals radius | 154 pm | ||||||||||||||||||||
Spectral lines of neon | |||||||||||||||||||||
Other properties | |||||||||||||||||||||
Natural occurrence | Ne: Primordial | ||||||||||||||||||||
Crystal structure | face-centered cubic (fcc) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Speed of sound | 435 m/s (gas, at 0 °C) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Thermal conductivity | 49.1×10−3 W/(m·K) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Magnetic ordering | diamagnetic[6] | ||||||||||||||||||||
Magnetic susceptibility | −6.74·10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)[7] | ||||||||||||||||||||
Bulk modulus | 654 GPa | ||||||||||||||||||||
CAS Number | 7440-01-9 | ||||||||||||||||||||
History | |||||||||||||||||||||
Prediction | William Ramsay (1897) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Discovery and first isolation | William Ramsay & Morris Travers[8][9] (1898) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Main isotopes of neon | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Neon is a noble gas. It is chemical element 10 on the periodic table. Its symbol is Ne.
The word "neon" comes from the Greek word meaning "new". It was discovered by William Ramsay and Morris W. Travers in 1898.
Neon does not react with other elements, so it is found by itself. There is not much neon in the air, and it is clear, so we do not see it.
Neon gas is used in gas discharge lamps. When electricity goes through the neon, it lights up red. Due to this quality, it is used in signs. Similar signs use other gases to make other colors, but they are also often called "neon signs".
Neon is also a term referring to a type of color that is very bright, such as lime green.
No true chemical compounds including the neutral compounds of neon are known. Where there is the helium compound HHeF, which might be stable, the analogous compound with Neon is not.[10]
Related pages
References
- ↑ Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B.; Berglund, M.; Brand, W.A.; De Bièvre, P.; Gröning, M.; Holden, N.E.; Irrgeher, J. et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry 88 (3): 265-91. . https://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/j/pac.2016.88.issue-3/pac-2015-0305/pac-2015-0305.xml.
- ↑ Hammond, C. R. (2000). The Elements, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition. CRC press. p. 19. . http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elements.pdf.
- ↑ Preston-Thomas, H. (1990). "The International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90)". Metrologia 27: 3–10. . http://www.bipm.org/en/publications/its-90.html.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Haynes, William M., ed. (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 4.122. .
- ↑ Shuen-Chen Hwang, Robert D. Lein, Daniel A. Morgan (2005). "Noble Gases". Kirk Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. Wiley. pp. 343–383. doi:10.1002/0471238961.0701190508230114.a01.
- ↑ Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. .
- ↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. .
- ↑ Ramsay, William; Travers, Morris W. (1898). "On the Companions of Argon". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 63 (1): 437–440. .
- ↑ "Neon: History". Softciências. http://nautilus.fis.uc.pt/st2.5/scenes-e/elem/e01000.html. Retrieved 2007-02-27.
- ↑ Errol G. Lewars: Modeling Marvels: Computational Anticipation of Novel Molecules. Springer Verlag, 2008, ISBN 978-1-4020-6972-7, S. 69–80.
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