Neon

Neon,  ₁₀Ne

General properties
Appearance	colorless gas exhibiting an orange-red glow when placed in an electric field
Standard atomic weight (Ar, standard)	20.1797(6)
Neon in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson He ↑ Ne ↓ Ar fluorine ← neon → sodium
Atomic number (Z)	10
Group	group 18 (noble gases)
Period	period 2
Block	p-block
Element category	noble gas
Electron configuration	[He] 2s2 2p6
Electrons per shell	2, 8
Physical properties
Phase at STP	Ne: Gas
Melting point	24.56 K ​(−248.59 °C, ​−415.46 °F)
Boiling point	27.104 K ​(−246.046 °C, ​−410.883 °F)
Density (at STP)	0.9002 g/L
when liquid (at b.p.)	1.207 g/cm3
Triple point	24.556 K, ​43.37 kPa
Critical point	44.4918 K, 2.7686 MPa
Heat of fusion	0.335 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	1.71 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	20.79 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 12 13 15 18 21 27
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	0
Ionization energies	1st: 2080.7 kJ/mol 2nd: 3952.3 kJ/mol 3rd: 6122 kJ/mol (more)
Covalent radius	58 pm
Van der Waals radius	154 pm
Spectral lines of neon
Other properties
Natural occurrence	Ne: Primordial
Crystal structure	​face-centered cubic (fcc)
Speed of sound	435 m/s (gas, at 0 °C)
Thermal conductivity	49.1×10−3 W/(m·K)
Magnetic ordering	diamagnetic
Magnetic susceptibility	−6.74·10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)
Bulk modulus	654 GPa
CAS Number	7440-01-9
History
Prediction	William Ramsay (1897)
Discovery and first isolation	William Ramsay & Morris Travers (1898)
Main isotopes of neon
Iso­tope Abun­dance Half-life (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct 20Ne 90.48% stable 21Ne 0.27% stable 22Ne 9.25% stable

Neon

Neon is a noble gas. It is chemical element 10 on the periodic table. Its symbol is Ne.

The word "neon" comes from the Greek word meaning "new". It was discovered by William Ramsay and Morris W. Travers in 1898.

Neon does not react with other elements, so it is found by itself. There is not much neon in the air, and it is clear, so we do not see it.

Neon gas is used in gas discharge lamps. When electricity goes through the neon, it lights up red. Due to this quality, it is used in signs. Similar signs use other gases to make other colors, but they are also often called "neon signs".

Neon is also a term referring to a type of color that is very bright, such as lime green.

No true chemical compounds including the neutral compounds of neon are known. Where there is the helium compound HHeF, which might be stable, the analogous compound with Neon is not.

Related pages

• List of common elements
• Neon lamp