KidzSearch Wiki

2008 Sichuan earthquake

The 2008 Sichuan earthquake (Chinese: 四川大地震) was a big earthquake in China on May 12, 2008. Thousands of people were killed, thousands more people were missing and thousands were hurt. Millions of people were left homeless after their houses fell down. The earthquake could be felt 58 of kilometres away.

2008 Sichuan earthquake
[[Image:
[[file:Template:Location map China Sichuan|240px|2008 Sichuan earthquake is located in Template:Location map China Sichuan]]<div style="position: absolute; z-index: 2; top: Expression error: Unrecognized punctuation character "[".%; left: Expression error: Unrecognized punctuation character "[".%; height: 0; width: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0;">
<div style="position: absolute; z-index: 2; top: Expression error: Unrecognized punctuation character "[".%; left: Expression error: Unrecognized punctuation character "[".%; height: 0; width: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0;"><div style="position: relative; text-align: center; left: -Expression error: Unrecognized punctuation character "[".px; top: -Expression error: Unrecognized punctuation character "[".px; width: Template:Location map China Sichuanpx; font-size: Template:Location map China Sichuanpx; line-height: 0; z-index:100;" title="">
Chengdu
2008 Sichuan earthquake (Template:Location map China Sichuan)
|240px|alt=]]
A collapsed residential block in Wenchuan being bulldozed in the aftermath of the earthquake; exposed mountain faces can be seen in the background.
Date {{{date}}}
Duration >2 minutes
Magnitude 8.0 Ms , 7.9 Mw 
Depth 19 km (12 mi)
Epicenter location 31°01′16″N 103°22′01″E / 31.021°N 103.367°E / 31.021; 103.367 (Sichuan earthquake)Coordinates: 31°01′16″N 103°22′01″E / 31.021°N 103.367°E / 31.021; 103.367 (Sichuan earthquake)
Type Thrust fault
Countries or regions affected {{{countries affected}}}
Max. intensity XI (Extreme)
Aftershocks 149 to 284 major, over 42,719 total
Casualties
(as of September 25, 2008)
In Beichuan a girl was found in these ruins 102 hours (4 days, 6 hours) after the earthquake.[1]
A door frame with a picture of Chairman Mao

Earthquake details

The earthquake was measured at 8.0Ms[2] and 8.3 Mw[3] by the China Seismological Bureau.

The earthquake happened at 2:d, at a depth of 19 kilometres (12 mi).[2] The earthquake was felt in Beijing 1,500 kilometres (932 mi) away and in Shanghai 1,700 kilometres (1,056 mi) away. Tall office buildings in those cities shook with the tremor.[4] The earthquake was also felt in nearby countries.

It is believed that 69,227 people died, 374,643 people were hurt, and 17,923 people listed as missing. (September 2008 numbers)[5] The earthquake left about 4.8 million people homeless,[6] though the number could be as high as 11 million.[7] Approximately 15 million people lived in the affected area. It was the deadliest and strongest earthquake to hit China since the 1976 Tangshan earthquake, which killed at least 240,000 people.

 
A USGS map of epicenter
 
A USGS map showing dozens of aftershocks.

52 big aftershocks, ranging in size from 4.4 to 6.0, were recorded within 72 hours of the main tremor.[8]

Scientists worked out that the earth moved up to 9 m (30 ft) along the Longmen Shan Fault. This fault is about 240 km (149 mi) long and 20 km (12 mi) deep.[9] The earthquake made the ground on the surface move more than 3 m (10 ft).[10] Japanese seismologist, Yuji Yagi, said that the earthquake took place in two parts. The fault tore in two sections, the first one moving about 7 yd (6 m). In the second part of the quake the fault moved another 4 yd (4 m).[11]

The earthquake lasted about two minutes.[12] It was powerful because it did not happen very deep under the ground. Many people were killed because there were so many people living above the epicenter. Teruyuki Kato, a seismologist at the University of Tokyo, said that the shock waves traveled a long way. The waves did not lose their power because of the hardness of the ground in central China.

Where the quake was felt

A list of places that felt the earthquake::

  •   China: Tremors were felt everywhere but not Xinjiang, Jilin or Heilongjiang.[13]
  •   Hong Kong: Tremors were felt about 3 minutes after the quake, and lasted for 30 seconds.[14][15][16][17]
  •   Macau: Tremors were felt about 3 minutes after the quake.[18]
  •   Vietnam: Tremors were felt about 5 minutes after the earthquake in the north of Vietnam.[19][20]
  •   Thailand: In parts of Thailand tremors were felt 6 minutes after the quake. Office buildings in Bangkok shook for several minutes.[21]
  •   Taiwan: It took about 8 minutes for the quake to reach Taiwan. The tremors lasted for nearly 2 minutes.[22]
  •   Mongolia: Tremors were felt about 8 minutes after the earthquake.[16]
  •   Bangladesh: Tremors were felt 8 and a half minutes after the quake.[16]
  •   Nepal: Tremors were felt about 8 and a half minutes after the quake.[16]
  •   India: Tremors were felt about 9 minutes after the earthquake in parts of India.[16]
  •   Pakistan: In Northern Pakistan tremors were felt 10 minutes after the quake.[16]
  •   Russia: Tremors were felt in Tuva.[16]

Earth movements

The quake happened because a part of the earth's surface, called the Indian plate, is slowly moving north. It is moving about 50 mm (2 in) every year. It crashes into the Eurasian plate. This has pushed up the ground and made the Himalaya mountains. Some of the earth's crust gets pushed into Sichuan and southern China. This pushing has caused many earthquakes in China. The epicentre was in the mountains on the eastern edge of the Qing-Tibet Plateau. This is on the north west edge of the Sichuan Basin. The earthquake was caused by movement on a north east fault. This is the Longmen Shan fault, that runs along the edge of the basin.[23]

First reaction to the quake

 
USGS shake map
 
A warehouse after the earthquake.

Office buildings in Shanghai, including the Jin Mao Tower and the Hong Kong New World Tower, were evacuated (all the people were made to leave). Emergency services in Chengdu could not answer all the phone calls .[24] Workers at a Ford plant in Sichuan were evacuated for about 10 minutes.[25] The Chengdu airport was shut down. One SilkAir flight was sent to land in nearby Kunming instead.[26] Cathay Pacific flights from Hong Kong to London were stopped. Chengdu airport reopened as the airport was used for relief operations.[27]

Reporters in Chengdu said they saw cracks in walls of some buildings.[28] In Beijing many office buildings were evacuated. This included the building with the media offices for the 2008 Summer Olympics. None of the Olympic venues were damaged.[19] A train with 13 petrol tanks came of the railway tracks in Huixian County, Gansu Province, and caught on fire. The earthquake had twisted the rails.[29]

All of the highways into Wenchuan, and others across Sichuan province, were damaged. This slowed down arrival of the rescue troops.[30][31] In Beichuan county, 80% of the buildings collapsed.[32] In Shifang, 2 chemical factories were damaged and leaked 80 tons of liquid ammonia.[33] The Dujiangyan Irrigation System, a UNESCO World Heritage Site was damaged. This is an ancient water system which is still in use. The famous Fish Mouth was cracked.[34]

Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange stopped trading in companies based in south west China. The price of copper rose because production stopped.[35] Oil prices dropped because people thought China would not need as much oil.[36]

Half of the wireless communications were lost in the Sichuan province. China Mobile had lost more than 2,300 base stations due to lack of power and too many phone calls. China Unicom's service in Wenchuan and nearby areas were cut off, with more than 700 phone towers out of action.[37][38][39]

Two pandas at a Giant Panda reserve were injured. Two others went missing after the quake.[40]

The Zipingpu hydro power station, 20 km (12 mi) east of the epicenter, was destroyed. The dam wall cracked, and the buildings collapsed.[41] The Tulong dam was in danger of bursting. About 2,000 troops were sent to Zipingpu, to try and release the pressure through spillway. In total, 391 dams, were damaged by the quake.[42]

By May 18, 2008, 21 new lakes had formed in the Sichuan. This was because the earthquake blocked rivers. Villages had to be evacuated because of the flooding.[43]

People killed

The Chinese government said the quake killed 69,181 people, including 68,636 in Sichuan province. There are 18,498 people listed as missing; 374,171 people were injured.[5] This includes 158 workers who were killed in landslides as they tried to fix roads.[44]

One rescue team found only 2,300 people still alive in Yingxiu. Before the quake there had been about 9,000 people there.[45] In Beichuan county, 3,000 to 5,000 people were killed, 10,000 injured and 80% of the buildings were destroyed. Eight schools fell down in Dujiangyan.[46] A 56-year-old Taiwanese tourist was killed in Dujiangyan. He was trying to rescue 11 tourists trapped on the Lingyanshan Ropeway. Because of the earthquake, they had been trapped inside the cable cars.[47]

Schools

Thousands of school children died because of badly built schools. least 1,700 people.[48] At least 7,000 school buildings collapsed.[48] Another 700 students were buried in a school in Hanwang.[48] At least 600 students and staff died at Juyuan Elementary School.[48] Up to 1,300 children and teachers died at Beichuan Middle School.[48]

 
This kindergarten was one of the many schools that were badly damaged.

Because of China's one-child policy, many families lost their only child. Officials in Sichuan province have removed the limit of one child for families whose only child was killed or badly injured.[49] So-called "illegal children" under 18 years of age may be made a legal replacement for their dead brother or sister. This may be too late for some, as many of the parents are too old or unable to have children again.[49]

On May 29, 2008, officials began looking at the ruins of thousands of schools that collapsed. They were searching for clues about why they fell down.[50] Thousands of parents have said the government and builders did not build schools properly. Many other nearby buildings were not damaged.[50] Parents of children killed in the schools say they have yet to receive any reports.[51] Local officials told them not to protest but the parents demonstrated and demanded an investigation. The government censors have stopped stories of badly built schools from being published in the media. There has been an incident where police drove away the protestors.[52][53][54]

Liu Shaokun (刘绍坤), a Sichuan school teacher, was arrested on June 25, 2008. He had been spreading "rumors and destroying social order" about the Sichuan Earthquake. Liu had gone to the Shifang (什邡) area, taken photos of collapsed school buildings, and put them online. He had also said he was angry at “the shoddy tofu buildings” in a media interview. He has been ordered to serve one year of re-education through labor (劳动教养) (RTL). Because of complaints from the other countries, Liu has been released to serve his RTL sentence outside of the labor camp.[55]

Safety checks are to be carried out at schools across China.[56] The National Development and Reform Commission are making new laws to improve building standards for primary and middle schools in rural areas.[57]

Building damage

Insurance companies have put their losses at US$1 billion from the earthquake. The total cost of damage could be more than US$20 billion. Chengdu, a city of 4.5 million people, had a value of about US$115 billion. Only a small part was insured.[58]

 
Rain was one of the problems after the earthquake.

The damage to buildings in the earthquake was because of Chinese building designs. China did not have earthquake building rules until after the big Tangshan earthquake in 1976. Older buildings, built before 1976, were not designed to stay up in an earthquake.[59] News reports showed that the poorer, rural villages were hardest hit.[59]

Rescue efforts

 
Rain, rock slides and mud on the main roads, made it difficult to get to area.

Chinese Communist Party's general secretary Hu Jintao said that help and assistance would be quick.[60] Premier Wen Jiabao, immediately flew to the earthquake area to plan the rescue work.[61]

The China's Health Ministry sent 10 emergency medical teams. The Chengdu Military Area Command sent 50,000 troops and police to help in Wenchuan County.[62] A relief team of 184 people left Beijing:[63]

  • 12 people from the State Seismological Bureau.
  • 150 from the Beijing Military Area Command.
  • 22 people from the Armed Police General Hospital.

Because of the mountains, the soldiers found it very difficult to get help to the rural areas.[64]

Many rescue teams, including the Taipei Fire Department from Taiwan, said they were ready to help. It was difficult to move people into the hardest hit areas closest to the epicenter.[65] It was not possible to reach the area because roads were damaged and blocked by landslides. People needed tents, medical supplies, drinking water and food. .[66]

The small village of Sier could only be reached by walking. Landslides were a danger to a search and rescue group of 80 men. Each man carried about 40 kg (88 lb) of relief supplies. The village is 4,000 m (13,123 ft) above sea level. The extreme mountain conditions meant they could not use helicopters. Over 300 Tibetan villagers were stranded in the ruined village without food and water. Commander Yang Wenyao's rescue group arrived after walking for 5 days, and helped the injured and stranded villagers down the mountain[67]

Heavy rain and landslides made rescue efforts difficult.[68][69] 20 helicopters were used on the first day to deliver food, water, emergency aid and carry injured people. The next day, 15,600 troops from the Chengdu Military Region joined the rescue force.[70][71] Within 2 days telephones in the major town of Wenchuan were being fixed.[72] 100 soldiers, along with relief supplies, parachuted into inaccessible Maoxian County, northeast of Wenchuan.[73]

 
An elderly woman was rescued after being trapped for over 50 hours.

Three days after the quake, China's Premiere Wen Jiabao ordered another 90 helicopters. A total of 150 aircraft were used in relief work. This is China's largest ever non-combat airlifting operation.[74] After the earthquake, donations were made by people from all over China. People gave money at schools, banks, and gas stations.[75] People also donated blood, resulting in long line-ups in most major Chinese cities.[76]

International help

China stated it would gratefully accept international help to cope with the quake.[77][78] The Tzu Chi Foundation arrived from Taiwan on May 13. This was the first force from outside the People's Republic of China to join the rescue effort.[79] 100 tons of relief supplies donated by the Tzu Chi Foundation and the Red Cross Society of Taiwan arrived in Chengdu by May 15.[80][81]

Francis Marcus of the International Federation of the Red Cross praised China's rescue effort as "swift and very efficient". He said the size of the disaster was so big that "we can't expect that the government can do everything and handle every aspect of the needs".[77] The Economist said that China reacted to the disaster "rapidly and with uncharacteristic openness". This was different to Myanmar's secretive response to Cyclone Nargis, which struck the country 10 days before the earthquake.[82]

On May 16, rescue groups from South Korea, Japan, Singapore, Russia and Taiwan arrived to join the rescue effort.[83] The United States shared some of its satellite images of the quake-stricken areas with the Chinese government.[84] The US sent two U.S. Air Force C-17's carrying supplies, which included tents and generators. [85]

Internet help

The Internet has been used for passing information to help rescue and recovery in China. For example, the official Xinhua set up an online rescue request center in order to find the problems in disaster recovery.[86] When rescue helicopters had trouble landing near the epicenter in Wenchuan, a student proposed a new landing spot online.[87] Volunteers have also set up several websites to help store contact information for victims.[88]

National mourning

 
On May 19, 2008, people remembered the earthquake victims at Tiananmen Square, Beijing.

The State Council declared 3 days of national mourning (sadness) for the quake victims starting on May 19, 2008. The Chinese National Flag was raised to half-mast. It is the first time China had national mourning days for something other than the death of a state leader. Many people say it the biggest display of mourning since the death of Mao[89] At 14:28 CST on May 19, 2008, one week after the earthquake, the Chinese public held a moment of silence. People stood silent for 3 minutes. Air defense, police and fire sirens, and the horns of vehicles, vessels and trains sounded. Cars on Beijing's roads stopped.[90][91][92] After the silence, in Tiananmen Square, crowds began calling out "Long Live China".[89]

The Ningbo Organizing Committee of Beijing Olympic torch relay stopped the relay for 3 days.[93]

Chinese websites changed their front pages to black and white. Sina.com and Sohu, changed their homepage to news items only, and removed all advertisements. Chinese video sharing websites, youku and Tudou, had a black background and only showed videos about the earthquake. Other entertainment websites, including gaming sites, were blacked out. Other websites had links to earthquake donations.[94]

Chinese TV stations made their logo in gray. They showed non-stop earthquake footage from CCTV-1. Even pay television channels, such as Channel V China, also showed earthquake footage. Some TV stations stopped showing commercials. On May 18, CCTV-1 had a special 4 hour TV show called The Giving of Love (爱的奉献). Many famous people from China, Hong Kong, Singapore and Taiwan were on the show. People watching gave about 1.5 billion Chinese Yuan ($US 208 million) for the victims. The entertainers sang "Tomorrow Will be Better", followed by Faye Wong singing "Wishing We Last Forever".[95]

2008 Sichuan Earthquake Media

  • Map showing the location of the 2008 Sichuan earthquake and all the aftershocks following it through May 28, 2008

  • Figure 1: Official fatality reports for the Wenchuan M8 earthquake as a function of time. Squares show fatalities, triangles show the sum of fatalities plus missing persons, which equaled the number of fatalities in the end.

  • Figure 2: Map of settlements with the estimated mean damage due to the Wenchuan earthquake modeled as a line rupture extending as far as the aftershocks.

  • On the night of May 12, residents of Chengdu worried about potential aftershocks gathered in the street to avoid staying in buildings.

  • The Miaoziping Bridge of Dujiangyan –Wenchuan Expressway was damaged in the earthquake.

  • After the earthquake in 2008, some parents helped schools by preparing and cooking lunches for the students.

References

  1. ↑ (in zh) Successful rescue of a woman trapped for 102 hours --- Boyfriend proposes marriage beside the rubble. Sina.com. May 18, 2008. http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2008-05-18/112615565238.shtml. Retrieved May 18, 2008. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "汶川地震震级修訂為Ms8.0级" (in 中文). 中國地震局門戶網. 18 May 2008. Archived from the original on 29 May 2008. Retrieved 18 May 2008.
  3. ↑ "汶川地震震源特性分析报告" (PDF) (in 中文). 中國地震信息網. 12 May 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 May 2008. Retrieved 14 May 2008.
  4. ↑ 'Hundreds buried' by China quake. BBC. May 12, 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7395496.stm. Retrieved May 20, 2008. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 (in zh) Casualties of the Wenchuan Earthquake. Sina.com. June 8, 2008. http://news.sina.com.cn/pc/2008-05-13/326/651.html. Retrieved July 6, 2008. , and (in zh) Wenchuan Earthquake has already caused 69,196 fatalities and 18,379 missing. Sina.com. July 6, 2008. http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2008-07-06/162615881691.shtml. Retrieved 7 July 2008. 
  6. ↑ "More than 4.8 million homeless in Sichuan quake: official". Relief Web (Agence France-Presse). May 16, 2008. http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/PANA-7EPG6V?OpenDocument. Retrieved 7 July 2008. 
  7. ↑ Hooker, Jake (26 May 2008). "Toll Rises in China Quake". New York Times. Retrieved 1 June 2008.
  8. ↑ "Earthquake List for 10-degree Map Centered at 35°N, 105°E". United States Geological Survey. Archived from the original on 17 May 2008. Retrieved 13 May 2008.
  9. ↑ Ji, Chen; Hayes, Gavin. "Finite Fault Model of the May 12, 2008 Mw 7.9 Eastern Sichuan, China Earthquake". United States Geological Survey — National Earthquake Information Center. Archived from the original on 17 May 2008. Retrieved 15 May 2008.
  10. ↑ José A. Álvarez-Gómez (12 May 2008). "Calculation of surface deformation and variation of static Coulomb forces for the earthquake of 7.9 MW on May 12, 2008 in Sichuan, China" (in español). Complutense University of Madrid. Archived from the original on 17 May 2008. Retrieved 20 May 2008.
  11. ↑ Japanese scientists say China quake struck in two stages. The International Herald Tribute. May 21, 2008. http://iht.nytimes.com/articles/ap/2008/05/15/news/China-Quake-Two-Stages.php?scp=1&sq=japanese%20seismologist&st=cse. Retrieved May 21, 2008. 
  12. ↑ Strong earthquake hits western China. MSNBC. May 12, 2008. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/24573168/. Retrieved May 20, 2008. 
  13. ↑ Spokesperson of China's Earthquake Bureau Zhang Hongwei: Provinces and municipalities of China excepting Jilin, Heilongjiang and Xinjiang have all reported varying levels of tremors felt, Xinhua, (in Chinese)
  14. ↑ (in zh) Record distance from epicentre to Hong Kong with tremors felt. ON.CC News. May 12, 2008. http://news.g4team.com/imviewer/imviewer.php?site=0&page=ncbrka00_20080512181842. Retrieved May 12, 2008. 
  15. ↑ Observatory states that many residents experienced the tremors this afternoon. Sing Tao Daily. May 12, 2008. http://www.singtao.com/breakingnews/20080512a165529.asp. Retrieved May 12, 2008. [dead link](in Chinese)
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 16.6 6:30 News Report. TVB. May 12, 2008. (in Chinese)
  17. ↑ Bulletin issued at 15:15 HKT 12/May/2008. Hong Kong Observatory. May 12, 2008. http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/equake/eqpress_e/eqpress_e.20080512.1515.htm. Retrieved May 12, 2008. 
  18. ↑ (in zh) Residents of highrises experienced dizzyness. Macau Daily News. May 13, 2008. http://www.macaodaily.com/html/2008-05/13/content_172061.htm. Retrieved May 20, 2008. 
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 "Death toll in China earthquake exceeds 12,000". Yahoo!. 12 May 2008. Archived from the original on 17 May 2008. Retrieved 20 May 2008.
  20. ↑ Massive Quake Rocks China. CBS News. May 12, 2008. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2008/05/12/world/main4086648.shtml. Retrieved May 20, 2008. 
  21. ↑ (in zh) Tremor depth at 29km below surface. China Daily. May 12, 2008. http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2008-05/12/content_6678432.htm. Retrieved May 20, 2008. 
  22. ↑ China quake felt throughout Taiwan, but no injuries or damage reported. The China Post. May 12, 2008. http://www.chinapost.com.tw/taiwan/national/national%20news/2008/05/12/156112/China-quake.htm. Retrieved May 13, 2008. 
  23. ↑ "Eastern Sichuan Earthquake May 12, 2008". 13 May 2008. Archived from the original on 5 June 2011. Retrieved 24 May 2008.
  24. ↑ "Earthquake strikes western China". Forbes. May 12, 2008. https://www.forbes.com/feeds/ap/2008/05/12/ap4995294.html. Retrieved May 18, 2008. 
  25. ↑ Yan, Fang; Edmund Klamann (May 12, 2008). Ford's Sichuan plant briefly evacuated after quake. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/marketsNews/idUSSHA23550820080512. Retrieved May 18, 2008. 
  26. ↑ Loo, Daryl (May 12, 2008). Singapore's SilkAir flight to Chengdu diverted. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idUSSIN32079420080512. Retrieved May 20, 2008. 
  27. ↑ Ho, Patricia Jiayi (May 13, 2008). UPDATE:Chengdu Airport Reopened Monday Night-China Regulator. Dow Jones Newswires. http://www.lloyds.com/CmsPhoenix/DowJonesArticle.aspx?id=390991. Retrieved May 20, 2008. 
  28. ↑ Powerful earthquake hits Sichuan. China Daily. May 12, 2008. http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2008-05/12/content_6678227.htm. Retrieved May 20, 2008. 
  29. ↑ Cargo Train Derails In NW China After Earthquake. Malaysian National News Agency. May 13, 2008. http://www.bernama.com.my/bernama/v3/news_world.php?id=332560. Retrieved May 20, 2008. [dead link]
  30. ↑ "Quake closes major highways, expressways in SW China". Xinhua. 12 May 2008. Retrieved 20 May 2008.
  31. ↑ "Hindrance to relief work at the frontlines of Chengdu Military Region's relief headquarters near Dujiangyan" (in 中文). 12 May 2008. Retrieved 20 May 2008.
  32. ↑ Death toll in China earthquake up to near 9,000. Chicago Tribune. May 12, 2008. http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/sns-ap-china-earthquake,0,1326183.story. Retrieved May 20, 2008. 
  33. ↑ Chemical Plants Hit by Chinese Earthquake (update 2). Chemical Week. May 16, 2008. http://www.chemweek.com/home/top_of_the_news/feature.html. Retrieved May 20, 2008. 
  34. ↑ Hornby, Lucy (May 14, 2008). China quake weakens Sichuan dams, cuts off river. Relief Web. http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900SID/KHII-7EMA3N?OpenDocument&RSS20=03. Retrieved May 20, 2008. 
  35. ↑ Copper Jumps as Dollar Falls, supply concerns on Earthquake in China. IBT Commodities & Futures. May 12, 2008. http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/20080512/copper-jumps-dollar-falls-supply-concerns-earthquake-china.htm. Retrieved May 13, 2008. 
  36. ↑ "Wall Street Bounces Back". Forbes. May 12, 2008. https://www.forbes.com/technology/2008/05/12/briefing-closer-tech-markets-equity-cx_ss_0512markets26.html. Retrieved May 20, 2008. 
  37. ↑ Telecom services hit. People's Daily. May 13, 2008. http://english.people.com.cn/90001/6409078.html. Retrieved May 20, 2008. 
  38. ↑ "Quake affects grid, power plants in SW China". 12 May 2008. Retrieved 20 May 2008.
  39. ↑ "Quake paralyzes phone networks in SW China". 12 May 2008. Retrieved 20 May 2008.
  40. ↑ Two pandas missing in China quake region. UPI. May 20, 2008. http://www.upi.com/NewsTrack/Top_News/2008/05/20/two_pandas_missing_in_china_quake_region/6711/. Retrieved May 20, 2008. 
  41. ↑ Zipingpu Hydropower plant stopped by quake. China.org.cn. May 13, 2008. http://www.china.org.cn/china/wenchuan_earthquake/2008-05/13/content_15201601.htm. Retrieved May 20, 2008. 
  42. ↑ China says troops rushed to plug dangerous cracks in dam. yahoo.com. May 13, 2008. https://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20080514/ap_on_re_as/china_earthquake. Retrieved May 20, 2008. 
  43. ↑ "NASA Earth Observatory - Newsroom". earthobservatory.nasa.gov. 12 February 2019.
  44. ↑ Yardly, Jim and Barboza, David (May 20, 2008). "Aftershock Alert Spreads Panic in Chinese City". New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/20/world/asia/20china.html. Retrieved May 20, 2008.  See also: "Afp.google.com, China quake death toll tops 51,000". Archived from the original on 30 May 2008. Retrieved 24 May 2008.
  45. ↑ Wenchuan's Yingxiu village survivor count at 2,300 --- the reservoir upstream faces the danger of collapse. Sina.com. May 13, 2008. http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2008-05-13/230815531967.shtml. Retrieved May 13, 2008. (in Chinese)
  46. ↑ China says up to 5,000 dead in one quake-hit county. Reuters. May 12, 2008. http://uk.reuters.com/article/homepageCrisis/idUKSP239734._CH_.242020080512. Retrieved May 14, 2008. 
  47. ↑ 11 tourists from Taiwan trapped in a cable car while visiting Dujiangyan's Mount Lingyan rescued, 1 fatality. May 14, 2008. http://www.gov.cn/gzdt/2008-05/14/content_974096.htm. Retrieved May 15, 2008. (in Chinese)
  48. ↑ 48.0 48.1 48.2 48.3 48.4 Wu Jiao, “School building quality to be probed,” China Daily, May 17, 2008, http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2008-05/17/content_6692329.htm.
  49. ↑ 49.0 49.1 "One-Child Policy Lifted for Quake Victims' Parents". New York Times. May 27, 2008. https://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/27/world/asia/27child.html. Retrieved May 27, 2008. 
  50. ↑ 50.0 50.1 "VOA News - China Questions Construction Quality".
  51. ↑ Edward Wong, “Grieving Chinese parents protest school collapse”, International Herald Tribune, July 17, 2008, http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/07/17/asia/17china.php.
  52. ↑ Edward Wong (4 June 2008). "Chinese Stifle Grieving Parents' Protest of Shoddy School Construction". The New York Times. Retrieved 6 July 2008.
  53. ↑ Michael Bristow (June 3, 2007). China reins in quake school fury. BBC. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7434054.stm. Retrieved July 6, 2008. 
  54. ↑ Cara Anna, Sensitive China quake photo removed[dead link], Associated Press, 6/14/08, accessed 6/16/08
  55. ↑ Human Rights in China, "Press Release: Family Visits Still Denied to Sichuan School Teacher Punished after Quake-Zone Visit," July 29, 2008, http://www.hrichina.org/public/contents/66556[dead link]
  56. ↑ "China orders school safety checks". Yahoo! UK. Retrieved 17 June 2008.
  57. ↑ "How Angel of Sichuan Saved School in Quake". New York Times. 16 June 2008. Retrieved 17 June 2008.
  58. ↑ Earthquake estimates as high as $1 billion: AIR. BusinessInsurance.com. May 14, 2008. http://www.businessinsurance.com/cgi-bin/news.pl?post_date=2008-05-14&id=12955. Retrieved May 20, 2008. 
  59. ↑ 59.0 59.1 Why the China Quake Was So Devastating. Yahoo!. May 15, 2008. https://news.yahoo.com/s/livescience/whythechinaquakewassodevastating. Retrieved May 15, 2008. 
  60. ↑ President Hu orders utmost effort for Sichuan quake victims. Xinhua. May 12, 2008. http://english.gov.cn/2008-05/12/content_968505.htm. Retrieved May 12, 2008. 
  61. ↑ China's Quake Damage Control. Time. May 13, 2008. http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1739622,00.html?xid=feed-cnn-topics. Retrieved May 24, 2008. 
  62. ↑ "50,000 troops deployed". Bloomberg L.P. 12 May 2008. Retrieved 12 May 2008.
  63. ↑ "Quake relief in full swing". China.org. 12 May 2008. Retrieved 20 May 2008.
  64. ↑ Xinhua press, CCTV Video. CCTV. May 12, 2008. http://news.xinhuanet.com/video/2008-05/13/content_8158099.htm. Retrieved May 12, 2008. 
  65. ↑ Sichuan Earthquake 60 members of Taipei's relief team ready to be dispatched. Central News Agency. May 13, 2008. http://news.sina.com.tw/article/20080513/335794.html. Retrieved May 13, 2008.  (in Chinese)
  66. ↑ (in zh) Red Cross of China announced earthquake relief donation account numbers as well as opening up several hotlines. People's Daily. May 13, 2008. http://health.people.com.cn/GB/14740/22121/7234885.html. Retrieved May 14, 2008. 
  67. ↑ "Rescuers save quake-trapped Tibetans after trekking 33 hours". Archived from the original on 22 February 2012. Retrieved 24 May 2008.
  68. ↑ (in zh) Rain covered major part of Sichuan may hinder the rescue. China News Service. May 13, 2008. http://news.163.com/08/0513/07/4BQBB8OQ0001124J.html. Retrieved May 13, 2008. 
  69. ↑ (in zh) Landslides completely blocked the highways to Wenchuan. China News Service. May 12, 2008. http://estate.chinanews.com.cn/sh/news/2008/05-12/1246756.shtml. Retrieved May 12, 2008. 
  70. ↑ More than 12,000 military and militia personnel in active service of the Sichuan Provincial Military Region prepare to join the relief effort. Xinhua News Agency. May 13, 2008. http://news.xinhuanet.com/newscenter/2008-05/13/content_8161823.htm. Retrieved May 13, 2008.  (in Chinese)
  71. ↑ China's Defense Bureau: People's Liberation Army and People's Armed Police joins the relief effort in full force (in Chinese)
  72. ↑ Phones coming back to service at China quake epicenter. Xinhua. May 15, 2008. http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-05/15/content_8177958.htm. Retrieved May 20, 2008. 
  73. ↑ China parachutes 100 soldiers to cut-off quake area. Xinhua. May 14, 2008. http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-05/14/content_8167147.htm. Retrieved May 14, 2008. 
  74. ↑ Zhang Ning. "Premiere Wen orders 90 more helicopters for quake relief work". Chinese Central Television. Retrieved 15 May 2008.
  75. ↑ Cheng, Jonathan (15 May 2008). Chinese Open Hearts And Wallets to Victims. https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB121081411041293867. 
  76. ↑ "Humanitarian emotion glitters in China earthquake relief". Xinhua News Agency. 15 May 2008. Retrieved 18 May 2008.
  77. ↑ 77.0 77.1 Search for China quake survivors. BBC. May 13, 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7397489.stm. Retrieved May 20, 2008. 
  78. ↑ Struggle to reach quake trapped. BBC. May 13, 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7399732.stm. Retrieved May 20, 2008. 
  79. ↑ "Mainland authorities gives approval to Tzu Chi --- Tzu Chi's team scheduled to depart tomorrow or the day after to join the relief effort" (in 中文). TVBS. 13 May 2008. Archived from the original on 17 May 2008. Retrieved 20 May 2008.
  80. ↑ Taiwan has tentative plans to send supplies to Sichuan with direct flights --- to send hundreds of tons of relief supplies. RTHK. May 14, 2008. http://www.rthk.org.hk/rthk/news/expressnews/20080514/news_20080514_55_489940.htm. Retrieved May 14, 2008. (in Chinese)
  81. ↑ Chinese Airlines chartered cargo plane will make a direct flight to Sichuan in the afternoon to deliver relief supplies. RTHK. May 15, 2008. http://www.rthk.org.hk/rthk/news/expressnews/20080515/news_20080515_55_490111.htm. Retrieved May 15, 2008. (in Chinese)
  82. ↑ Days of disaster. The Economist. May 15, 2008. http://www.economist.com/world/asia/displaystory.cfm?story_id=11376935. Retrieved May 20, 2008. 
  83. ↑ Survivors found five days after China quake. May 16, 2008. https://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20080517/wl_nm/quake_dc;_ylt=Aiq7rGxIJMDxQd41QvXD8y4DW7oF. Retrieved May 20, 2008. 
  84. ↑ US giving China satellite images of quake damage: Pentagon. AFP. May 19, 2008. https://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20080519/pl_afp/chinaquakesatellite_080519184648. Retrieved May 20, 2008. 
  85. ↑ US military planes deliver aid to quake-hit China. AFP. May 18, 2008. http://www.terradaily.com/reports/US_military_planes_deliver_aid_to_quake-hit_China_999.html. Retrieved May 20, 2008. 
  86. ↑ "How is the situation in the surrounding quake-stricken areas? Tell us the situation in your area if you know" (in 中文). Xinhua. 14 May 2008. Retrieved 20 May 2008.
  87. ↑ (in zh) A post on QQ: A girl aids relief helicopters landing in Wenchuan. Xinhua. May 18, 2008. http://news.xinhuanet.com/society/2008-05/18/content_8198824.htm. Retrieved May 20, 2008. 
  88. ↑ "Searching for Relatives in the aftermath of the Wenchuan Earthquake" (in 中文). 512 Help. Archived from the original on 21 May 2008. Retrieved 20 May 2008.
  89. ↑ 89.0 89.1 Demick, Barbara; Times, Los Angeles (20 May 2008). "China's tribute to quake victims". SFGate.
  90. ↑ Sheldrick, A.; Tang, E. (12 May 2008). "China Is Hit by 7.9-Magnitude Earthquake Near Chengdu". Bloomberg L.P. Retrieved 12 May 2008.
  91. ↑ (in zh) Donald Tsang: Flags at half-mast in the SAR during National Mourning Day. Radio Television Hong Kong. May 18, 2008. http://www.rthk.org.hk/rthk/news/expressnews/20080518/news_20080518_55_491012.htm. Retrieved May 20, 2008. 
  92. ↑ (in zh) Macau to lower flags to half mast during National Mourning Day. Radio Television Hong Kong. May 18, 2008. http://www.rthk.org.hk/rthk/news/expressnews/20080518/news_20080518_55_491033.htm. Retrieved May 20, 2008. 
  93. ↑ "China announces three-day mourning for quake victims, suspension of torch relay". Xinhua News Agency. 18 May 2008. Retrieved 20 May 2008.
  94. ↑ "China Mourning Suspends Entertainment Web Sites". PCWorld. 18 May 2008. Archived from the original on 8 October 2017. Retrieved 12 February 2019.
  95. ↑ "Wong Faye sings "The Giving of Love", raising 1.5 billion yuan in one night" (in 中文). Tom.com. 19 May 2008. Archived from the original on 19 July 2008. Retrieved 20 May 2008.

Cite error: <ref> tag with name "autogenerated1" defined in <references> is not used in prior text.
Cite error: <ref> tag with name "CEA intensity" defined in <references> is not used in prior text.
Cite error: <ref> tag with name "China Reports Student Toll for Quake" defined in <references> is not used in prior text.
Cite error: <ref> tag with name "magnitude 2" defined in <references> is not used in prior text.
Cite error: <ref> tag with name "magnitude" defined in <references> is not used in prior text.
Cite error: <ref> tag with name "MSNBC2008" defined in <references> is not used in prior text.
Cite error: <ref> tag with name "scea_total" defined in <references> is not used in prior text.
Cite error: <ref> tag with name "Significant Earthquake" defined in <references> is not used in prior text.
Cite error: <ref> tag with name "The May 12, 2008 deadly Sichuan Earthquake - A recap - 3 years later" defined in <references> is not used in prior text.
Cite error: <ref> tag with name "theguardian" defined in <references> is not used in prior text.

Cite error: <ref> tag with name "USGSPAGER" defined in <references> is not used in prior text.

Other websites

Find more about
2008 Sichuan earthquake
at Wikipedia's sister projects
  Definitions from Wiktionary
  Media from Commons
  News stories from Wikinews
  Quotations from Wikiquote
  Source texts from Wikisource
  Textbooks from Wikibooks
  Learning resources from Wikiversity

News records

Online maps

Media

Scientific and educational sites

Retrieved from "https://wiki.kidzsearch.com/w/index.php?title=2008_Sichuan_earthquake&oldid=5430215"