Transnistria
Transnistria (also called Transdniestria, or Pridnestrovie, officially the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic, PMR; Russian: Приднестровская Молдавская Республика), is a separatist country in Eastern Europe. This means that it claims to be a separate country from Moldova but this is not legally true. Most countries have no diplomatic relations with it.
Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic
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| Anthem: | |
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| Status | Unrecognised state |
| Capital and largest city | Tiraspol 46°50′25″N 29°38′36″E / 46.84028°N 29.64333°E |
| Official languages | |
| Russian[2][3][4] | |
| Ethnic groups (2015) |
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| Demonym(s) |
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| Government | Unitary presidential republic |
| Vadim Krasnoselsky | |
| Aleksandr Rozenberg | |
| Alexander Korshunov | |
| Legislature | Supreme Council |
| Establishment | |
• Independence from SSR of Moldova declared | 2 September 1990 |
• Independence from Soviet Union declared | 25 August 1991 |
• Succeeds the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic | 5 November 1991[5] |
| 2 March – 1 July 1992 | |
| Area | |
• Total | Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1850: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
• Water (%) | 2.35 |
| Population | |
• September 2023 estimate |  364,986 (Moldovan estimate)[6] |
• 2015 census | 475,373 |
• Density | Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1850: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
| GDP (nominal) | 2021 estimate |
• Total | $1.201 billion[7] |
• Per capita | $2,584 |
| Currency | Transnistrian ruble (PRB) |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
| Calling code | +373[a] |
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Transnistria is the only state to still use the hammer and sickle symbol on its flag.[9]
Russia has a big influence on the territory. Between 1.500 and 2.000 Russian soldiers are stationed on the territory. In addition, there may be up to 10.000 paramilitary troops.
Moldovans, Russians, and Ukrainians make up about a third of the population each. The capital and largest city is Tiraspol.
History
The area was part of the Russian Empire and later the Soviet Union. It was occupied by Nazi Germany during World War II.
Transnistria was officially formed between 1990, when the Soviet government established the Pridnestrovien Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic in that area in hopes that it would remain if Moldova became independent.
Moldova did become independent of the Soviet Union and claimed Transnistria as part of its territory. Transnistria declared independence from Moldova on 2 September 1990.
With the help of the Russian army, it defeated the Moldovan army in the War of Transnistria. There has been peace since 1992, but the Council of Europe calls Transnistria a "frozen conflict" area. Currently, no state recognises Transnistria and most countries agree that it is officially part of Moldova.
Recognition
There is argument about whether Transnistria is really a country or not. It is recognized by three other unrecognized or partly recognized breakaway countries: Abkhazia, Artsakh, and South Ossetia. The area continues to claim independence, and acts independently over its territory with the help of peacekeeping forces from foreign countries. Many countries also think that Transnistria is a puppet state of Russia.[10]
In a vote on 17 September 2006, 97% voted to be free from Moldova. This vote has not been accepted by Moldova, which calls the area the "Territory of the Left Bank of the Dniester".
Geography
Transnisttria is landlocked and is located between Moldova and Ukraine.
The climate is humid continental with subtropical characteristics. Transnistria has warm summers and cool to cold winters. Precipitation is unvarying all year round, although with a slight increase in the summer months.
Politics
Transnistria is a presidential republic, with the President of Transnistria being both the head of state and also shares the position of head of government with the Chairman of the Government.
The legislature is the Supreme Council, which has 43 members. There is disagreement over if elections in Transnistria are free.
Divisions
Transnistria is divided into five districts and two municipalities. The districts are: Cameca District, Rîbnița District, Dubăsari District, Grigoriopol District and Slobozia District.
The two municipalities are Tiraspol and Bender, although Bender is not actually part of Transnistria's define territory.
Transnistria Media
National anthem of Transnistria (orchestral instrumental version) (one verse)
Moldavian ASSR (orange) and Romania, 1924–1940
Igor Smirnov, first president of Transnistria from 1991 to 2011
Soviet symbols are still used in Transnistria.
Igor Smirnov with Vladimir Voronin and Dmitry Medvedev in Barvikha, 18 March 2009
General map of Transnistria
Dniester River in Bender (Tighina)
English and according with the official Pridnestrian point of view administrative map of Pridnestria, by Nicolay Sidorov.
License plate of Transnistria
Transnistrian territory in relation to the rest of Moldova, landlocked along the border with Ukraine. Note that this map treats lands at the west bank of the Dniester (such as Bender) as undisputed Transnistrian territory.
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References
- ↑ Smoltczyk, Alexander (24 April 2014). Hopes Rise in Transnistria of a Russian Annexation. http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/transnistria-soviet-leftover-or-russian-foothold-in-europe-a-965801.html. Retrieved 25 November 2018. "The breakaway region has its own military, its own constitution, a national anthem (called "We Sing the Praises of Transnistria") and a symphony orchestra which is known abroad.".
- ↑ "On the situation of Russian schools in Moldova". OSCE. 14 July 2011.
- ↑ "Law of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic on the Functioning of Languages on the Territory of the Moldavian SSR". U.S. English Foundation Research. 2016. Archived from the original on 21 September 2016.
- ↑ "Russian language in Moldova could lose their status (Русский язык в Молдове может потерять свой статус)". KORRESPONDENT. 6 April 2013.
- ↑ The Supreme Soviet changed the official name of the republic from Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic to Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic on 5 November 1991. See: "Postanovlenie verkhovnogo soveta Pridnestrovskoi Moldavskoi Respubliki ob izmenenii nazvaniia respubliki," Dnestrovskaia pravda, 6 November 1991, 1.
- ↑ "Aproape 356 mii de locuitori din Regiunea Transnistreană dețin cetățenia Republicii Moldova și aproape 365 mii figurează în registrul de stat al populației". www.gov.md/ro (in română). Guvernul Republicii Moldova (Biroul Politici de Reintegrare). 27 September 2023. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
- ↑ "Макроэкономика: Динамика и структура валового внутреннего продукта в 2021 году [Macroeconomics: Dynamics and structure of GDP in 2021] / Nr.2/249 - pg.3 (2022)" (PDF). www.cbpmr.net. Приднестровский Республиканский Банк [Pridnestrovian Republican Bank]. Retrieved 30 April 2023.
- ↑ "В ПМР российский флаг разрешили использовать наравне с государственным" (in русский). RIA Novosti. 12 April 2017.
- ↑ "The country that doesn't exist".
- ↑ Necsutu, Madalin (16 March 2022). "Council of Europe Designates Transnistria 'Russian Occupied Territory'". balkaninsight.com. Balkan Insight. Retrieved 19 March 2022.
- Notes
- ↑ It is a matter of controversy whether Moldovans are the same as Romanians or a distinct ethnic group.
- ↑ Transnistria adopted a white-blue-red tricolor flag in 2017, which is almost identical to the flag of Russia[8] but with an aspect ratio of 1:2 instead of 2:3.
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