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2020 United States presidential election

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The 2020 United States presidential election was the 59th presidential election and was held on November 3, 2020. Former vice president Joe Biden and U.S. senator Kamala Harris defeated incumbent Republican President Donald Trump and incumbent Vice President Mike Pence on the Democratic Party ticket.

2020 United States presidential election
← 2016 November 3, 2020[a] 2024 →
538 members of the Electoral College
270 electoral votes needed to win
  Joe Biden presidential portrait (cropped).jpg Donald Trump official portrait (cropped).jpg
Nominee Joe Biden Donald Trump
Party Democratic Republican
Home state Delaware Florida[b]
Running mate Kamala Harris Mike Pence
Electoral vote 306 232
States carried 25 + DC + NE-02 25 + ME-02
Popular vote 81,268,867 74,216,747
Percentage 51.3% 46.9%
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About this image
The 2020 electoral map results: Blue shows states won by Biden/Harris. Red shows states won by Trump/Pence.
President before election

Donald Trump
Republican

Elected President

Joe Biden
Democratic

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2020 U.S. presidential election
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Voters selected presidential electors who then voted on December 14, 2020[5] to either elect a new president and vice president or re-elect the incumbents. On November 7, Biden won the election and became the president-elect of the United States.

Donald Trump, the 45th president, started a campaign to be president for four more years in the Republican primaries. Several state Republican Party organizations cancelled their primaries in a show of support for his candidacy.[6] He became the presumptive nominee in March 2020.

Twenty-seven major candidates started campaigns for the Democratic nomination. This was the largest number of candidates for any political party in modern-day American politics. In April 2020, former Vice President Joe Biden became the presumptive nominee after beating Senator Bernie Sanders. In August 2020, Biden picked U.S. Senator and former 2020 candidate Kamala Harris as his running mate.[7]

Some issues of the election included the impact of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, which killed over 220,000 Americans at the time of the election, protests in reaction to the murder of George Floyd and other black Americans, the death of Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg and the nomination of Amy Coney Barrett, and the Affordable Care Act, with Biden wanting to protect and expand it and Trump pushing for ending it.[8]

After the election, Donald Trump refused to accept that he lost and filed over 40 lawsuits against states and politicians trying to change the election results. The lawsuits said that the election was not fair. Almost all of the lawsuits failed in court because Trump could not prove what he said.[9][10] In some states, the votes were counted again, which still showed that Biden won.[11] After the electors voted for Biden on December 14, Trump tried other ways to overturn the election results.[12] When the electoral votes were counted in Congress on January 6-7, some Republicans voted not to count votes from certain states.[13]

Biden was inaugurated on January 20, 2021, at midday when he took the oath of office.

Background

The 2020 U.S. presidential election was the first time all members of the millennial generation were able to vote. The age group of people in the 18 to the 45-year-old area was 40 percent of those able to vote in 2020.

The United States House of Representatives voted to impeach President Donald Trump on December 18, 2019, making him the third president in American history to be impeached.[14] He was acquitted by the United States Senate on February 5, 2020.[15]

Mail voting

More people voted by mail in the United States, with 25% of voters nationwide mailing their ballots in 2016 and 2018. The COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 means there has been an increase in mail voting because of the possible danger of large groups at polling places.[16] For the 2020 election, a state-by-state analysis found that 76% of Americans are eligible to vote by mail in 2020, a record number. The analysis predicted that 80 million ballots could be cast by mail in 2020—more than double the number in 2016.[17] The Postal Service sent a letter to multiple states in July 2020, warning that the service would not be able to meet the state's deadlines for requesting and casting last-minute absentee ballots.[18]

President Trump was critical of voting by mail saying that it would make it easier for voter fraud to happen.[19] Many people dropped their votes in voting boxes in their voting places instead of going to the polls.[20]

Republican Party

See also: 2020 Republican Party presidential primaries

Nominees

2020 Libertarian Party ticket
Jo Jorgensen Spike Cohen
for President for Vice President
 
 
Senior Lecturer at Clemson University Podcaster and businessman
Campaign
 

Other candidates

Candidates in this section are sorted by state ballot access
Bill Weld Joe Walsh Rocky De La Fuente Zoltan Istvan Mark Sanford
 
 
 
 
 
2016 Libertarian vice presidential nominee
68th Governor of Massachusetts
(1991–1997) 		U.S. Representative from Illinois
(2011–2013) 		Businessman
Reform nominee for President in 2016 		Transhumanist U.S. Representative from South Carolina
(1995–2001, 2013–2019)
68th Governor
(1998–2002)
 
Campaign
FEC filing[21]		  
Campaign
FEC filing[22]		  
Campaign
FEC filing[23]		 FEC filing[24]  
Campaign
FEC filing[25]
Exploratory Committee: February 15, 2019
Announced: April 15, 2019
Suspended: March 18, 2020 		Announced: August 25, 2019
Suspended: February 7, 2020
Endorsed Joe Biden (Democrat)[26]		 Announced: May 16, 2019 Announced: November 18, 2019
Suspended: March 12, 2020 		Announced: September 8, 2019
Suspended: November 12, 2019
1 delegate
286,564 votes 		169,713 votes 73,119 votes 14,291 votes 4,258 votes
[27][28] [29][30] [31] [32][33] [34][35]

Convention site

The 2020 Green National Convention was held in Detroit, Michigan from July 9-12. Greenville, South Carolina and Spartanburg, South Carolina were also considered to host the convention.[36]

National polling

Polling aggregates
Source of poll aggregation Date updated Dates polled Biden Sanders Undecided[c]
270toWin Mar 19, 2020 Mar 11–18, 2020 [d] 55.0% 34.4% 10.6%
FiveThirtyEight Mar 19, 2020 Mar 8-17, 2020 [e] 51.5% 32.6% 15.9%
RealClear Politics Mar 19, 2020 Mar 8–16, 2020 55.7% 35.3% 9.0%
Average 54.1% 34.1% 11.8%

Democratic Party

See also: 2020 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection

Withdrawn candidates

Candidates in this section are sorted by popular vote
Dario Hunter
Officially Recognized 		Sedinam Moyowasifza-Curry Dennis Lambert David Rolde
Officially Recognized
 
 
 
 
Member of the Youngstown Board of Education (2016–2020) Activist Documentary Filmmaker Co-chair of the Greater Boston Chapter of the Green-Rainbow Party
  N/A N/A N/A
Campaign N/A N/A N/A
3,087 votes
(18.1%)
67.5 delegates 		2,229 votes
(2.9%)
10 delegates 		2,029 votes
(2.6%)
9 delegates 		960 votes
(1.6%)
5.5 delegates
[37] [38] [39] [40]

General election polling

Trump vs. Biden

Donald Trump vs. Joe Biden
Source of poll aggregation Dates administered Dates updated Joe Biden Donald Trump Other/Undecided[f] Margin
270 to Win Oct 14–18, 2020 Oct 20, 2020 50.0% 43.6% 6.4% Biden +6.4
RealClear Politics Oct 6–19, 2020 Oct 21, 2020 50.6% 43.1% 6.3% Biden +7.5
FiveThirtyEight until Oct 20, 2020 Oct 21, 2020 52.1% 42.2% 5.7% Biden +9.9
Average 50.9% 43.0% 6.1% Biden +7.9

4-way race

Donald Trump vs. Joe Biden vs. Jo Jorgensen vs. Howie Hawkins
Source of poll aggregation Dates administered Dates updated Joe Biden Donald Trump Jo Jorgensen Howie Hawkins Other/Undecided[g] Margin
270 to Win Oct 16–21, 2020 Oct 21, 2020 50.2% 42.4% 1.8% 0.8% 4.8% Biden +7.8
RealClear Politics Oct 15 – Oct 20, 2020 Oct 21, 2020 50.5% 43.0% 2.5% 0.8% 3.2% Biden +7.5

Libertarian Party

Main page: Libertarian Party (United States)

Though Jacob Hornberger won the most primaries and received the most votes, Jo Jorgensen was chosen as the party's presidential nominee on the night of May 23, 2020, after four rounds of voting.[41]

Green Party

Main page: Green Party (United States)

Nominee

 
2020 Green Party ticket
Howie Hawkins Angela Walker
for President for Vice President
 
 
Co-founder of the Green Party ATU Local 998 Legislative Director
(2011–2013)
Campaign
 

Minor third party candidates

Party for Socialism and Liberation

 
Ballot access by state[42]      On ballot (14 states + DC, 195 electoral votes)      Write-in (5 states, 77 electoral votes)      Not on ballot
2020 Party for Socialism and Liberation ticket[43][44]
Gloria La Riva Sunil Freeman[h]
for President for Vice President
   
Activist and writer from California Author and activist
from the District of Columbia
Campaign
 
Additional Party Nominations: Liberty Union Party
Peace and Freedom Party

Alliance Party

 
Ballot access by state[45]      On ballot (16 states, 186 electoral votes)      Write-in (4 states, 43 electoral votes)      Not on ballot
2020 Alliance Party ticket[i][46]
Rocky De La Fuente Darcy Richardson
for President for Vice President
 
Businessman and
perennial candidate from California 		Author, historian and
political activist from Florida
Campaign
 
Additional Party nominations: Reform Party (United States)
Natural Law Party of Michigan
American Independent Party

Constitution Party

 
Ballot access by state[j][48]      On ballot (18 states, 166 electoral votes)      Write-in (4 states, 37 electoral votes)      Not on ballot
2020 Constitution Party ticket[j][49]
Don Blankenship William Mohr
for President for Vice President
 
Former CEO of Massey Energy
from West Virginia 		Chairman of the
U.S. Taxpayers Party of Michigan
from Michigan
Campaign
 

American Solidarity Party

 
Ballot access by state[50]      On ballot (8 states, 66 electoral votes)      Write-in (23 states, 276 electoral votes)      Not on ballot
2020 American Solidarity Party ticket[51][52]
Brian T. Carroll Amar Patel
for President for Vice President
   
Teacher from California Chairman of the ASP
from Illinois
Campaign
 

Prohibition Party

Further information: Prohibition Party
 
Ballot access by state      On ballot      Write-in
2020 Prohibition Party ticket[53]
Phil Collins Billy Joe Parker
for President for Vice President
Former Libertyville Township (IL)
Trustee from Nevada 		Former Marine from Georgia
Campaign

Independent candidates

Various independent candidate campaigns were on the ballot in several states, among the most notable of these are billionaire and child actor Brock Pierce and rapper Kanye West.[54]

 
Total electoral vote eligibility: 166      On ballot (15 states + DC, 115 electoral votes)[55]
     Write-in (5 states, 51 electoral votes)
     Not on ballot

Brock Pierce

Independent[56][57]
Brock Pierce Karla Ballard
for President for Vice President
Director of the Bitcoin Foundation
and former actor from Puerto Rico 		Entrepreneur from Pennsylvania
 
Additional Party nominations: American Shopping Party[58]
Independence Party of New York[59]
 
Total electoral vote eligibility: 135[k]      On ballot (12 states, 84 electoral votes)[60]
     Write-in (5 states, 51 electoral votes)
     Not on ballot

Kanye West

2020 Birthday Party ticket[k][61][62]
Kanye West Michelle Tidball
for President for Vice President
 
Rapper, producer
and fashion designer from Illinois 		Preacher from Wyoming
Campaign
 

Ballot access

Presidential ticket Party Ballot access Votes Percentage
States Electors % of voters
Trump / Pence Republican 50 + DC 538 100%
Biden / Harris Democratic 50 + DC 538 100%
Jorgensen / Cohen Libertarian 50 + DC 538 100%
Hawkins / Walker Green 29 + DC 381 73.8%
La Riva / Freeman Socialism and Liberation 14 + DC 195 37.7%
De La Fuente / Richardson Alliance 16 186 34.6%
Carroll / Patel American Solidarity 8 66 11.1%
  • Candidates in bold are on ballots representing ≥270 electoral votes, without needing write-in states.
  • All other candidates do not have ballot access adding up to more than 270 electoral votes, but have write-in access to at least 270.

Debates

Three presidential debates and one vice presidential debate were scheduled.[63] The second presidential debate was cancelled, because Trump was ill with COVID-19.[64] The presidential candidates still debated in the third debate.

Debates for the 2020 U.S. presidential election sponsored by the CPD
No. Date Time Host City Moderator(s) Participants Viewership

(millions)

P1 September 29, 2020 9:00 p.m. EDT Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, Ohio Chris Wallace Donald Trump
Joe Biden 		73.1[65]
VP October 7, 2020 7:00 p.m. MDT University of Utah Salt Lake City, Utah Susan Page Mike Pence
Kamala Harris 		57.9[66]
P2 October 22, 2020 8:00 p.m. CDT Belmont University Nashville, Tennessee Kristen Welker Donald Trump
Joe Biden 		63[67]

Results

Electoral results
Candidates and home states Party Votes
Presidential Home state Vice Presidential Home state Popular Electoral
Joe Biden Delaware Kamala Harris California Democratic 81,268,924 306
Donald Trump (incumbent) Florida Mike Pence Indiana Republican 74,216,154 232
Jo Jorgensen South Carolina Spike Cohen South Carolina Libertarian 1,865,724 0
Howie Hawkins New York Angela Nicole Walker South Carolina Green 405,035 0
Rocky De La Fuente California Darcy Richardson Florida Alliance 88,234 0
Kanye West Wyoming American Independent
Gloria La Riva California Sunil Freeman[l] District of Columbia Socialism and Liberation 85,263 0
Kanye West Wyoming Michelle Tidball Wyoming Birthday 70,296 0
Don Blankenship West Virginia William Mohr Michigan Constitution 60,148 0
Brock Pierce Puerto Rico Karla Ballard Pennsylvania Independent 49,700 0
Brian T. Carroll California Amar Patel Illinois American Solidarity 39,230 0
Alyson Kennedy Malcolm Jarrett Socialist Workers 6,791 0
Bill Hammonds Eric Bodenstab Unity 6,647 0
Jade Simmons Independent 6,534 0
Jerome Segal John de Graaf Bread & Roses 5,949 0
Dario Hunter Dawn Neptune Adams Progressive 5,394 0
Phil Collins Billy Joe Parker Prohibition 4,844 0
Jesse Ventura Cynthia McKinney Green of Alaska 3,284 0
President Boddie Eric Stoneham C.U.P 3,171 0
Joe McHugh Elizabeth Storm Independent 2,843 0
Mark Charles Adrian Wallace Independent 2,662 0
Sheila Tittle Independent 1,806 0
Conie Gammon Phil Collins Independent 1,475 0
J.R. Myers Tiara Lusk Life and Liberty 1,372 0
Tom Hoefling Andy Prior Independent 1,241 0
H. Brooke Paige Thomas Witman Grumpy Old Patriots 1,175 0
Christopher Lafontaine Michael Speed Independent 856 0
Kyle Kenley Kopitke Independent 815 0
Ricki Sue King Dayna Chandler Geanology Know Your Family History 546 0
Princess Khadijah Maryam Jacob-Fambro Khadijah Maryam Jacob Sr. Independent 497 0
Blake Huber Frank Atwood Aprooval Voting 409 0
Joseph Kishore Noorisa Santa Cruz Socialist Equality 317 0
Richard Duncan Mitch Bupp Independent 213 0
Jordan Marc Scott Jennifer Tepool Independent 175 0
Gary Swing David Olszta Boiling Frog 141 0
Keith McCormic Sam Blasiak Bull Moose 126 0
Zachary Scalf Matthew Lyda Independent 29 0
Total
 158,383,403 538

After the election

Main page: Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election

After the election, Trump, and many of his supporters, said that he only lost because of fraud or conspiracies. In early December, only a quarter of Republicans believed that Biden was the real winner of the election.[71] Trump did not accept Biden's win until January 7.[72]

Lawsuits

Trump and his lawyers filed over 40 lawsuits after the election, in Arizona, Georgia, Michigan, Nevada, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin. Biden won each of these states by a small number of votes.[9][10] Some lawsuits said that states should not allow more time to collect ballots in the mail, and some said that voters should not be allowed to put ballots in drop boxes. Other lawsuits said that election workers did not make sure all signatures were correct.[10] Judges rejected most of the lawsuits because they did not have evidence. The Trump campaign only won one lawsuit.[9]

Many of the lawsuits asked states to remove thousands of votes, and others asked for the states to ignore the results of the election.[10] In December, the Attorney General of Texas filed a lawsuit (Texas v. Pennsylvania) against Pennsylvania, Michigan, Georgia, and Wisconsin, in front of the Supreme Court. It asked the court to stop these states from certifying their votes. Over 100 Republicans in the House of Representatives supported it. However, the Supreme Court rejected it and said Texas did not have standing.[73]

Trump campaign tries to overturn the election

After lawsuits failed, Trump said many times that the election was "rigged". From November to January, Trump and his lawyers made phone calls to many election officials, and told them that they should not certify the votes for Biden. In the calls, they said many things which were false.[74] On January 2, Trump called the Georgia Secretary of State and told him that Georgia (where Biden was the winner) should find more votes for Trump, so Trump could win.[75]

Electoral college count

On January 6-7, members of Congress counted the votes of the Electoral College. Some Republican members of Congress signed objections to the votes (they thought the votes should not be counted) from Arizona and Pennsylvania. By the end, seven Republican senators and 138 Republican representatives voted not to count these votes.[76] Half of senators and half of the representatives must vote to throw out electoral votes. Congress has never thrown out electoral votes.[77]

While Congress was counting the votes on January 6, Far-right terrorists broke into the US Capitol building in protest. Members of Congress hid for hours until police forced the protestors to leave.[78]

2020 United States Presidential Election Media

  • States and territories with at least one local, state, or federal primary election date or method of voting altered as of August 5, 2020.

  • A poll worker sanitizes an election booth in Davis, California

  • Chart of July 2020 opinion survey on likelihood of voting by mail in November election, compared to 2016

  • President Donald Trump with Amy Coney Barrett and her family, just prior to Barrett being announced as the nominee, September 26, 2020

  • Proposed tax plan payment rates by income group as a percentage of income, including mandatory health insurance

  • Early voting in Cleveland, Ohio

  • Hexagonal cartogram of the number of electoral college votes. States with opposite outcomes from 2016 are hatched.

  • People celebrate in the streets near the White House after the major networks projected Biden the winner of the election on November 7.

  • Senator Chuck Schumer addresses a crowd celebrating in Times Square, New York City, shortly after the election was called for Biden.

Related pages

Notes

  1. ↑ Most states allowed early voting in person or by mail, with the earliest state starting on September 4.[1] Most voters voted before November 3, most of them by mail.[2] Some states allowed votes received by mail to be processed and counted prior to November 3.[3]
  2. ↑ Trump's official state of residence was New York in the 2016 election but has since changed to Florida, with his permanent residence switching from Trump Tower to Mar-a-Lago in 2019.[4]
  3. ↑ Calculated by taking the difference of 100% and all other candidates combined
  4. ↑ 270 to Win reports the date each poll was released, not the dates each poll was administered.
  5. ↑ Source aggregates polls with a trendline regression of polls rather than a strict average of recent polls.
  6. ↑ Calculated by taking the difference of 100% and all other candidates combined.
  7. ↑ Calculated by taking the difference of 100% and all other candidates combined.
  8. ↑ Freeman replaced the original vice-presidential nominee, Leonard Peltier, who withdrew for health reasons.[44]
  9. ↑ The American Independent Party nominated Rocky De La Fuente for president and Kanye West for vice president.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 The Constitution Party of New Mexico instead nominated Sheila "Samm" Tittle for president with David Carl Sandige as her running mate.[47]
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 West is also on the ballot as the vice-presidential nominee of the American Independent Party in California.
  12. ↑ The original vice presidential candidate was Leonard Peltier, who withdrew[44] but remained listed on the ballot in Illinois[68] and Minnesota,[69] and as a write-in candidate in Texas.[70]

References

  1. ↑ Knight, Stef W.; Ahmed, Naema (August 13, 2020). "When and how to vote in all 50 states". Axios.
  2. ↑ McDonald, Michael (November 6, 2020). "2020 General Election Early Vote Statistics". U.S. Elections Project.
  3. ↑ When Will Mail-In Ballots Be Counted? See States' Processing Timelines NPR
  4. ↑ Choi, Matthew (October 31, 2019). Trump, a symbol of New York, is officially a Floridian now. https://www.politico.com/news/2019/10/31/trump-florida-residence-063564. Retrieved October 31, 2019. 
  5. ↑ "3 U.S.C. § 7 - U.S. Code - Unannotated Title 3. The President § 7. Meeting and vote of electors", FindLaw.com.
  6. ↑ "Republicans in three states cancel presidential nominating contests for 2020". www.cbsnews.com. September 9, 2019. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
  7. ↑ "Joe Biden picks Kamala Harris as his running mate". CNN. August 11, 2020.
  8. ↑ . https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/03/opinion/george-floyd-trump-biden.html. Retrieved October 13, 2020.  . https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/22/us/politics/trump-supreme-court.html. Retrieved October 14, 2020.  . https://www.wsj.com/articles/supreme-court-vacancy-makes-health-care-leading-issue-in-2020-elections-11600948807. Retrieved October 15, 2020. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 "By the numbers: President Donald Trump's failed efforts to overturn the election". www.usatoday.com. January 6, 2021. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 Sheth, Jacob Shamsian, Sonam. "Trump and Republican officials have won zero out of at least 42 lawsuits they've filed since Election Day". Business Insider. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
  11. ↑ Sanger, David E. (2020-11-20). "Trump's Attempts to Overturn the Election Are Unparalleled in U.S. History" (in en-US). The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331 . https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/19/us/politics/trump-election.html. Retrieved 2021-01-10. 
  12. ↑ Olson, Tyler (January 4, 2021). "Battle lines drawn in GOP over planned Electoral College challenges, certification set for Wednesday". Fox News. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
  13. ↑ Breuninger, Dan Mangan,Jacob Pramuk,Kevin (January 7, 2021). "Congress confirms Biden election as president, morning after Trump-fueled mob invades Capitol". CNBC. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
  14. ↑ Shear, Michael D.; Baker, Peter (December 19, 2019). "Trump Impeachment Vote Live Updates: House Votes to Impeach Trump for Abuse of Power". The New York Times.
  15. ↑ Fandos, Nicholas (February 5, 2020). "Trump Acquitted of Two Impeachment Charges in Near Party-Line Vote". The New York Times.
  16. ↑ The Editorial Board (June 15, 2020). "Coronavirus makes voting by mail even more important". USA Today. https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/todaysdebate/2020/06/15/coronavirus-pandemic-makes-mail-voting-even-more-important-editorials-debates/5336826002/. Retrieved August 14, 2020. 
  17. ↑ Love, Juliette; Stevens, Matt; Gamio, Lazaro (August 14, 2020). "A Record 76% of Americans Can Vote by Mail in 2020". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/08/11/us/politics/vote-by-mail-us-states.html. Retrieved August 14, 2020. 
  18. ↑ Broadwater, Luke; Fuchs, Hailey (July 14, 2020). Postal Service says delays could affect multiple states' elections. https://www.sltrib.com/news/nation-world/2020/08/14/postal-service-says/. Retrieved August 14, 2020. 
  19. ↑ Gardner, Amy; Dawsey, Josh; Kane, Paul (August 13, 2020). Trump opposes election aid for states and Postal Service bailout, threatening Nov. 3 vote. https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-mail-voting/2020/08/13/3eb9ac62-dd70-11ea-809e-b8be57ba616e_story.html?. 
  20. ↑ Bogage, Jacob (August 18, 2020). Postmaster general announces he is 'suspending' policies that were blamed for causing mail delays. https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/senate-will-hold-postal-service-hearing-with-dejoy-on-friday-as-mail-delay-fears-grow/2020/08/18/5f978e76-e14f-11ea-8dd2-d07812bf00f7_story.html. Retrieved August 18, 2020. 
  21. ↑ "Statement of Candidacy" (PDF). docquery.fec.gov. 2019.
  22. ↑ Former Rep. Joe Walsh enters race as Trump challenger. Fox News. August 26, 2019. https://video.foxnews.com/v/6077489464001#sp=show-clips. 
  23. ↑ "Statement of Candidacy" (PDF). docquery.fec.gov. 2019.
  24. ↑ "Candidates". Federal Election Commission. Retrieved January 16, 2020.
  25. ↑ "Statement of Candidacy by Mark Sanford". Federal Election Commission. September 8, 2019. Retrieved February 18, 2019.
  26. ↑ Siu, Benjamin; King, Lauren (March 18, 2019). "Biden Projected to Win Arizona, Florida and Illinois Democratic Primaries". ABC News. Retrieved March 18, 2019. Former long-shot Trump challenger and one-time Republican congressman Joe Walsh announced on Twitter Tuesday he voted for a Democrat for the first time for president, casting his ballot for Joe Biden. Walsh's home state of Illinois is voting today.
  27. ↑ Brusk, Steve (April 15, 2019). "Bill Weld officially announces he is challenging Trump for GOP nomination in 2020". CNN (Turner Broadcasting System, Inc.). https://www.cnn.com/2019/04/15/politics/bill-weld-2020-trump/index.html. Retrieved April 15, 2019. 
  28. ↑ "Weld drops out of GOP primary". The Hill. March 19, 2020.
  29. ↑ Davies, Tom (August 25, 2019). "Ex-Rep. Joe Walsh making longshot GOP challenge to Trump". Associated Press News. https://www.apnews.com/39e795eb7e65457e8acc56657435745b. Retrieved August 25, 2019. 
  30. ↑ Stracqualursi, Veronica (February 7, 2020). Joe Walsh ends Republican primary challenge against Trump. CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2020/02/07/politics/joe-walsh-ends-campaign/index.html. Retrieved February 7, 2020. 
  31. ↑ "De La Fuente, Roque Rocky". Federal Election Commission. Retrieved October 6, 2019.
  32. ↑ Mack, Eric (November 18, 2019). "Zoltan Istvan, a leader of the transhumanist movement to merge humans with technology, is challenging Trump with a plan for America that's beyond radical". Cnet. Retrieved November 19, 2019.
  33. ↑ "Friends, the time has come to end my 2020 US Presidential campaign, which I'm doing today. We made both a good effort and solid progress in trying to spread foward-thinking ideas like #transhumanism, #BasicIncome, and the future of work. I have some new projects on the horizon I'm excited to soon share with you. I want to thank everyone who voted for me and helped push this campaign forward. Thank you!! (Picture of my daughter & I) #UpgradingAmerica". Facebook. March 12, 2020.
  34. ↑ Steakin, Will; Lynn, Samara (September 8, 2019). Mark Sanford announces he will challenge President Trump in 2020 GOP primary. ABC News. https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/mark-sanford-announces-challenge-president-trump-2020-gop/story?id=65466012. Retrieved September 8, 2019. 
  35. ↑ Caitlin Byrd (November 12, 2019). Former SC Gov. Mark Sanford has dropped out of presidential race. The Post and Courier. https://www.postandcourier.com/politics/former-sc-gov-mark-sanford-has-dropped-out-of-presidential/article_3def9eee-0171-11ea-84ec-8bd313d6fd8a.html. Retrieved November 12, 2019. 
  36. ↑ "Selection of Site for 2020 Presidential Nominating ConventionANM". Green National Committee. Retrieved August 19, 2019.
  37. ↑ "Youngstown Board of Education member announces he's running for president". Wkbn.com. February 19, 2019. Archived from the original on May 2, 2019. Retrieved March 19, 2019.
  38. ↑ "Sedinam Kinamo Christin Moyowasifza-Curry". Facebook.com. Retrieved March 19, 2019.[non-primary source needed]
  39. ↑ "Dennis Lambert's Biography". votesmart.org. 2019. Retrieved July 21, 2019.
  40. ↑ Andrews, John; Everette, Sarah (February 24, 2020). "Officially recognized as a candidate". Green Party of the United States. Retrieved May 5, 2020.
  41. ↑ Winger, Richard (May 23, 2020). "Jo Jorgensen Wins Libertarian Presidential Nomination on Fourth Vote". Ballot Access News. Retrieved May 24, 2020.
  42. ↑ *Reiger, John C. (April 12, 2020). "PFP Chair: Goodbye Bernie, hello Gloria La Riva!". Peace & Freedom Party. Archived from the original on June 29, 2020. Retrieved May 7, 2020.
  43. ↑ La Riva, Gloria (September 25, 2019). "Party for Socialism and Liberation launches 2020 presidential campaign". Party for Socialism and Liberation. Retrieved September 27, 2019.
  44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 44.2 Winger, Richard (August 2, 2020). "Party for Socialism & Liberation Alters its Vice-Presidential Nominee". Ballot Access News. Retrieved August 3, 2020.
  45. ↑ * Winger, Richard (August 10, 2020). "Maine Says Rocky De La Fuente Has Enough Valid Signatures". Ballot Access News. Retrieved August 21, 2020.
  46. ↑ Winger, Richard (April 25, 2020). "Alliance Party Nominates National Ticket". Ballot Access News. Retrieved May 4, 2020.
  47. ↑ "NOW is YOUR Chance! Meet CPNM Presidential Candidate Sheila "SAMM" Tittle". Constitution Party of New Mexico. June 17, 2020. Retrieved September 5, 2020.
  48. ↑
  49. ↑ Winger, Richard (May 2, 2020). "Constitution Party Nominates Don Blankenship for President on Second Ballot". Ballot Access News. Retrieved May 2, 2020.
  50. ↑ *"ASP Connecticut Co-ordinator". Twitter. Retrieved September 2, 2020.
  51. ↑ "FEC Form 2" (PDF). FEC.gov. October 1, 2019.
  52. ↑ Carroll, Brian (April 2, 2019). "April 5, 2019 Preview". YouTube. Retrieved April 15, 2019.
  53. ↑ "Presidential Candidate". prohibitionparty.org. Retrieved October 16, 2019.
  54. ↑ "Brock Pierce, former child actor, running for president". Newsday. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
  55. ↑ * "Alaska Division of Elections- General Election Candidates". Alaska Division of Elections. Retrieved August 19, 2020.
  56. ↑ Winger, Richard (July 7, 2020). "Brock Pierce Files as an Independent Presidential Candidate with the FEC". Ballot Access News. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
  57. ↑ "Entrepreneur, Karla Ballard, Joins Brock Pierce for President as Vice President". PR Newswire. July 20, 2020. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
  58. ↑ Winger, Richard (August 4, 2020). "American Shopping Party Nominates Brock Pierce for President". Ballot Access News. Retrieved September 5, 2020.
  59. ↑ Winger, Richard (August 25, 2020). "New York Independence Party Nominates Brock Pierce for President". Ballot Access News. Retrieved August 26, 2020.
  60. ↑
  61. ↑ McIntyre, Hugh (July 4, 2020). "Kanye West Announces He's Running For President" (in en). Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/hughmcintyre/2020/07/04/kanye-west-announces-hes-running-for-president/#65637a245536. Retrieved 5 July 2020. 
  62. ↑ Lane, Randall (July 8, 2020). "Kanye West Says He's Done With Trump—Opens Up About White House Bid, Damaging Biden And Everything In Between". Forbes. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
  63. ↑ "Media". The Commission on Presidential Debates. Retrieved July 17, 2020.
  64. ↑ CNN, Dan Merica and Kevin Bohn (October 9, 2020). "Commission cancels second debate between Trump and Biden". CNN. Retrieved November 3, 2020. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  65. ↑ Brian Stelter (September 30, 2020). "Trump-Biden clash was watched by at least 65 million viewers". CNN.
  66. ↑ John Koblin (October 8, 2020). "Pence-Harris Debate Is No. 2 in Vice-Presidential Ratings, With 58 Million TV Viewers". The New York Times.
  67. ↑ "Viewership for 2nd Trump-Biden debate drops to 63 million". AP NEWS. April 20, 2021. Retrieved November 19, 2021.
  68. ↑ Candidate office filing search, Illinois State Board of Elections.
  69. ↑ Candidate filings, 2020 state general election, Minnesota Secretary of State.
  70. ↑ Candidate information, Texas Secretary of State.
  71. ↑ "Poll: Just A Quarter Of Republicans Accept Election Outcome". NPR.org. Retrieved January 11, 2021.
  72. ↑ Macias, Kevin Breuninger,Amanda (January 8, 2021). "Trump finally concedes Biden will become president". CNBC. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
  73. ↑ "Supreme Court rejects Texas bid to overturn election results in four states". www.cbsnews.com. December 12, 2020. Retrieved January 11, 2021.
  74. ↑ "Inside Trump's pressure campaign to overturn the election". POLITICO. Retrieved January 11, 2021.
  75. ↑ Shear, Michael D.; Saul, Stephanie (2021-01-03). "Trump, in Taped Call, Pressured Georgia Official to 'Find' Votes to Overturn Election" (in en-US). The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331 . https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/03/us/politics/trump-raffensperger-call-georgia.html. Retrieved 2021-01-11. 
  76. ↑ "Here Are The Republicans Who Objected To The Electoral College Count". NPR.org. Retrieved January 11, 2021.
  77. ↑ Huguelet, Austin. "Congress has objected to Electoral College votes before. Here's a look at past efforts". Springfield News-Leader. Retrieved January 11, 2021.
  78. ↑ "Capitol riots: A visual guide to the storming of Congress" (in en-GB). BBC News. 2021-01-07. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-55575260. Retrieved 2021-01-11. 


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