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2024 United States presidential election

The 2024 United States presidential election will be the 60th quadrennial presidential election. The election is scheduled to be held on Tuesday, November 5, 2024, along with other state and federal elections. It will be the first presidential election to use population information from the 2020 census.[1]

2024 United States presidential election
← 2020 November 5, 2024 2028 →
538 members of the Electoral College
270 electoral votes needed to win
Opinion polls
  Kamala Harris Vice Presidential Portrait (cropped).jpg Donald Trump official portrait (cropped).jpg
Nominee Kamala Harris Donald Trump
Party Democratic Republican
Home state California Florida
Running mate Tim Walz JD Vance
ElectoralCollege2024.svg
2024 electoral map, based on the results of the 2020 census
Incumbent President

Joe Biden
Democratic



President Joe Biden originally ran for reelection to a second term and became the Democratic Party's presumptive nominee, but ended his campaign on July 21, 2024 after a bad debate performance and concerns about his age and health. He endorsed Vice President Kamala Harris for president.[2] She picked Governor of Minnesota Tim Walz as her running mate. If she wins, she would become the first female president in U.S. history. Harris is the first nominee who did not participate in the primaries since Hubert Humphrey, also in 1968.[3]

Former President Donald Trump has also announced he is running for reelection to a non-consecutive term. He picked Ohio U.S. Senator JD Vance as his running mate. If he wins, he will be the first Presiddent to serve two non consecutive terms since Grover Cleveland. In 2023 and 2024, Trump was found liable and guilty in civil and criminal proceedings, becoming the first former president to be convicted of a crime.[4] Trump survived an assassination attempt on July 13, 2024.

Some main campaign issues during the election cycle are abortion,[5][6][7] border security and immigration,[8][9] climate change,[10][11] democracy,[12][13] the economy,[14] education,[15] foreign policy,[16] healthcare,[17] and LGBT rights.[18]

The winner of the 2024 presidential election will be inaugurated on January 20, 2025.

Background

Main page: United States presidential election

Requirements

Article Two of the United States Constitution states that for a person to serve as president, the person must be a natural-born citizen of the United States, be at least 35 years old, and have been a United States resident for at least 14 years. The Twenty-second Amendment prevents anyone from being elected president more than twice.

Possible campaign topics

Abortion

The Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization decision in June 2022, which overturned the 1973 Roe v. Wade decision and permitted U.S. states to fully ban abortion for the first time in nearly 50 years, has made abortion a likely issue. In the 2024 election, the topic of abortion is expected to play a major role in the Republican Party.

Crime

Due to more mass shootings in the United States, President Biden has advocated a ban of assault weapons. This is most likely a major campaign topic to play out in both parties.

Democratic Party

Main pages: 2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries and 2024 Democratic National Convention
 
President Joe Biden announced his re-election campaign on April 25, 2023. He would end his re-election campaign on July 21, 2024
 
A day after Biden ended his campaign, Vice President Kamala Harris became the presumptive Democratic nominee

Joe Biden is the current president, elected for his first term in office in the 2020 election, and has said he planned to run for a second term in 2024. He is the oldest president, at age 78, and would've been 82 at the end of his first term and 86 at the end of a second term, if he was reelected.

During late 2021, as President Biden had low approval ratings in the polls, there was speculation that he would not run for reelection.[19] If this happened, Vice President Kamala Harris and Secretary of Transportation Pete Buttigieg would be considered likely candidates for the Democratic presidential nomination, having both run for president in 2020.[20][21] However, Biden said he had every intention of running for reelection.[22]

In March 2023, author and 2020 presidential candidate Marianne Williamson announced her presidential campaign, challenging Biden.[23] In April 2023, environmental lawyer Robert F. Kennedy Jr. announced his challenge to Biden, becoming the second Democratic challenger to Biden.[24] On April 25, 2023, President Joe Biden announced he was running for re-election with Vice President Kamala Harris as his running mate.[25]

In October 2023, Kennedy Jr. announced he would be withdrawing from the Democratic primary to run an Independent campaign for president.[26][27] A few weeks later, U.S. Representative from Minnesota Dean Phillips announced his candidacy on October 26, 2023.[28] Spiritual author Marianne Williamson ended her campaign on February 7, 2024.[29] She would then re-enter the race a few weeks later after winning 3% of the vote in the Michigan primary.[29] Williamson would end her campaign again on June 11, 2024.[29]

During the first presidential debate in late June, many people saw that Biden did not do well with his polling numbers showing him losing to Trump by a bigger margin than before.[30] Many Democrats wanted him to end his campaign with Marianne Williamson re-entering the race a third time.[29][31][32] On July 21, 2024, Biden announced that he was ending his presidential campaign, allowing the Democratic Party to choose a new candidate. He endorsed Vice President Kamala Harris for the nomination.[33] The next day, most of the delegates said they would vote for Harris, enough for her to become the presumptive nominee.[34]

On August 6, 2024, Harris picked Governor of Minnesota Tim Walz as her running mate.[35][36] Pennsylvania Governor Josh Shapiro, Kentucky Governor Andy Beshear, Illinois Governor J. B. Pritzker, Arizona U.S. Senator Mark Kelly and Secretary of Transportation Pete Buttigieg were seriously considered as running mate options and were vetted by the Harris campaign as well.[37][38]

The Democratic National Convention was held in Chicago, Illinois at the United Center between August 19 to 22, 2024.[39][40]

Democratic nominee

Main page: Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign
 
2024 Democratic Party ticket
Kamala Harris Tim Walz
for President for Vice President
 
 
49th
Vice President of the United States
(2021–present) 		41st
Governor of Minnesota
(2019–present)
 

Withdrew after the primaries

Name Born Experience Home state Campaign
announced 		Campaign
suspended 		Campaign Ref
 
Marianne Williamson 		August 8, 1952
(age 72)
Houston, Texas 		Author
Founder of Project Angel Food
Candidate for president in 2020
 
Washington, D.C. 		March 4, 2023
February 28, 2024
July 2, 2024 		February 7, 2024
June 11, 2024
July 29, 2024 		 
Campaign

FEC filing[41]
Website

[23]
[42]
[43]
[44]
[45]
[29]
 
Joe Biden 		November 20, 1942
(age 82)
Scranton, Pennsylvania 		President of the United States
(2021–present)
Vice President of the United States
(2009–2017)
U.S. Senator from Delaware
(1973–2009)
 
Delaware 		April 25, 2023
 July 21, 2024
(endorsed Harris) 		 
Campaign

FEC filing[46]
Website

[47][48][49]

Withdrew during the primaries

The candidate in this section have suspended their campaigns, or have otherwise ceased campaigning and ended their bids for the nomination during the primary season. <section begin="withdrawnduring" />

Withdrawn major candidates for the 2024 Republican Party presidential primaries
Name Born Experience Home state Campaign
announced 		Campaign
suspended 		Campaign Ref.
 
Nikki Haley 		January 20, 1972
(age 52)
Bamberg, South Carolina 		Ambassador to the United Nations
(2017–2018)
Governor of South Carolina
(2011–2017)
South Carolina State Representative
(2005–2011)
 
South Carolina 		February 14, 2023 March 6, 2024  
Campaign
February 14, 2023
FEC filing[50]
Website 		[51][52]
 
Ryan Binkley 		November 19, 1967
(age 57)
Columbus, Georgia 		Co-founder and CEO of Generational Equity Group
(2006–present)
Co-founder and lead pastor of Create Church
(2014–present)
 
Texas 		April 23, 2023 February 27, 2024
(endorsed Trump) 		 
Campaign
FEC filing[53][54]
Website 		[55][56]
 
Ron DeSantis 		September 14, 1978
(age 46)
Jacksonville, Florida 		Governor of Florida
(2019–present)
U.S. Representative from FL-06
(2013–2018)
 
Florida 		May 24, 2023 January 21, 2024
(endorsed Trump) 		 
Campaign
FEC filing[57][58][59]
Website 		[60][61]
 
Asa Hutchinson 		December 3, 1950
(age 74)
Bentonville, Arkansas 		Governor of Arkansas
(2015–2023)
Under Secretary of Homeland Security
(2003–2005)
Administrator of the Drug Enforcement Administration
(2001–2003)
 
Arkansas 		April 26, 2023 January 16, 2024
(endorsed Haley) 		 
Campaign
FEC filing[62]
Website 		[63][64]
 
Vivek Ramaswamy 		August 9, 1985
(age 39)
Cincinnati, Ohio 		Executive chairman of Strive Asset Management
(2022–2023)
CEO of Roivant Sciences
(2014–2021)
 
Ohio 		February 21, 2023 January 15, 2024
(endorsed Trump) 		 
Campaign
FEC filing[65][66]
Website 		[67][68]

<section end="withdrawnduring" />

Republican Party

Main pages: 2024 Republican Party presidential primaries and 2024 Republican National Convention

Donald J. Trump was defeated by Joe Biden in 2020 and was impeached by the House of Representatives. He was found not guilty in his second impeachment in 2021 and is currently able to run again in the 2024. He is seeking to become the second president, after Grover Cleveland, to serve two non-consecutive terms, potentially making him both the 45th and 47th president of the United States.[69][70]

 
Former President Donald J. Trump announced his campaign on November 15, 2022

Although after the January 6 insurrection may have severely damaged his public opinion about him. House Democrats considered using the Fourteenth Amendment to prevent Trump from being eligible to run again. Trump is the first president since Richard Nixon to win his party's nomination three times in a row.

The last president to run after leaving office was Theodore Roosevelt, who came in second in the 1912 election as the candidate of the Progressive Party, although Herbert Hoover did seek the Republican nomination at national conventions after leaving office in 1933. On November 11, 2022, former Montana Secretary of State Corey Stapleton became the first Republican major candidate.[71]

On November 15, 2022, he officially announced his candidacy to a non-consecutive term. On February 14, 2023, former Ambassador to the United Nations Nikki Haley announced her candidacy. A week later, businessman Vivek Ramaswamy announced his campaign on February 21. On March 2, 2023, Michigan businessman and writer Perry Johnson announced his campaign after running ads during the Super Bowl in Iowa.[72]

In April 2023, former Governor of Arkansas Asa Hutchinson announced his campaign and so did Texas businessman and pastor Ryan Binkley,[63][55] while South Carolina U.S. Senator Tim Scott announced an exploratory committee for a possible presidential campaign.[73] Scott would file to run on May 19, 2023.[73] On April 20, conservative radio host and former 2021 California gubernatorial candidate Larry Elder announced his candidacy.[74] On May 24, Governor of Florida Ron DeSantis announced his candidacy.[60] Nearly two weeks later on June 5, former Vice President Mike Pence filed paperwork to run for president.[75] The following day, former New Jersey Governor Chris Christie announced his campaign at a town hall event in New Hampshire.[76] On June 7, Governor of North Dakota Doug Burgum announced his campaign.[77] A week later on June 14, Miami Mayor Francis X. Suarez filed to run for president.[78] On June 22, former Texas U.S. Representative Will Hurd announced his campaign.[79]

 
While mainly polling in second place until mid-October 2023, Florida Governor Ron DeSantis and former United Nations Ambassador Nikki Haley have been tied for second place

Following the first debate, Suarez withdrew from the election on August 29, after saying non-debate qualified candidates should withdraw from the race.[80] In early October 2023, Hurd and Stapleton withdrew from their candidacies with Hurd supporting Haley.[81][82] By the end of the month, Johnson and Elder suspended their campaigns and endorsed Trump,[83][84] whereas Pence dropped out without supporting anyone.[85] On November 12, Senator Tim Scott ended his campaign after having low polling numbers.[86] On December 4, Burgum ended his campaign after low polling numbers and failing to qualify for the last two debates.[87]

On January 10, 2024, a week before the Iowa caucus, former Governor Chris Christie ended his campaign, after Trump critics urged him to drop out to help Nikki Haley in the New Hampshire primary.[88] Following Trump's win in the Iowa caucus on January 15, 2024, Vivek Ramaswamy ended his campaign and endorsed Trump,[68] whereas former Governor Asa Hutchinson ended his campaign the following day and endorsed Healey.[64] On January 21, Governor Ron DeSantis ended his campaign and endorsed Trump.[61] On February 27, pastor Ryan Binkley ended his campaign and endorsed Trump.[56]

On July 13, 2024, just two days before the Republican National Convention, during a campaign rally in Butler, Pennsylvania, Trump was shot in the right ear in an attempted assassination.[89] Two days after the shooting, Trump picked Ohio U.S. Senator JD Vance to be his running mate.[90] North Dakota Governor Doug Burgum, South Carolina U.S. Senator Tim Scott and Florida U.S. Senator Marco Rubio were also seriously considered and vetted by the Trump campaign to be his running mate.[91][92]

The Republican National Convention was held in Milwaukee, Wisconsin at the Fiserv Forum between July 15 and 18, 2024.[93][94] Other cities considered to host the convention included Salt Lake City, Kansas City, Nashville and Pittsburgh.[95]

Republican nominee

Main page: Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign
 
2024 Republican Party ticket
Donald Trump JD Vance
for President for Vice President
 
 
45th
President of the United States
(2017–2021) 		U.S. Senator
from Ohio
(2023–present)
 

Withdrew before the primaries

The candidates in this section have suspended their campaigns, or have otherwise ceased campaigning and ended their bids for the nomination before any primary contests were held. <section begin="withdrawnbefore" />

Withdrawn major candidates for the 2024 Republican Party presidential primaries
Name Born Experience Home state Campaign
announced 		Campaign
suspended 		Campaign Ref.
 
Chris Christie 		September 6, 1962
(age 62)
Newark, New Jersey 		Governor of New Jersey
(2010–2018)
Candidate for president (2016)
U.S. Attorney for the District of New Jersey
(2002–2008)
 
New Jersey 		June 6, 2023 January 10, 2024  
Campaign
FEC filing[96]
Website 		[76][88]
 
Doug Burgum 		August 1, 1956
(age 68)
Arthur, North Dakota 		Governor of North Dakota
(2016–present)
Senior VP of Microsoft Business Solutions Group
(2002–2007)
President of Great Plains Software
(1984–2001)
 
North Dakota 		June 7, 2023 December 4, 2023
(endorsed Trump) 		 
Campaign
FEC filing[97]
Website 		[77][87]
 
Tim Scott 		September 19, 1965
(age 59)
North Charleston, South Carolina 		U.S. Senator from South Carolina
(2013–present)
U.S. Representative from SC-01
(2011–2013)
South Carolina State Representative
(2009–2011)
   South Carolina May 19, 2023
Exploratory committee:
April 12, 2023 		November 12, 2023
(endorsed Trump) 		 
Campaign
FEC filing[98][99]
Website 		[73][86]
 
Mike Pence 		June 7, 1959
(age 64)
Columbus, Indiana 		Vice President of the United States
(2017–2021)
Governor of Indiana
(2013–2017)
U.S. Representative from IN-06 (2003–2013)
U.S. Representative from IN-02 (2001–2003)
   Indiana June 5, 2023 October 28, 2023  
Campaign
FEC filing[100]
Website 		[75][85]
 
Larry Elder 		April 27, 1952
(age 71)
Los Angeles, California 		Host of The Larry Elder Show
(1993–2022)
Candidate for Governor of California in the 2021 recall election 		  California April 20, 2023 October 26, 2023
(endorsed Trump) 		 
Campaign
FEC filing[101]
Website 		[102][84]
 
Perry Johnson 		January 23, 1948
(age 75)
Dolton, Illinois 		Founder of Perry Johnson Registrars, Inc.
(1994–present)
Disqualified candidate for Governor of Michigan in 2022 		  Michigan March 2, 2023 October 20, 2023
(endorsed Trump) 		 
Campaign
FEC filing[103]
Website 		[104][83][105]
 
Corey Stapleton 		September 17, 1967
(age 56)
Seattle, Washington 		Montana Secretary of State
(2017–2021)
Montana State Senator
(2001–2009) 		  Montana November 11, 2022
Exploratory committee:
March 10, 2022 		October 13, 2023  
Campaign
FEC filing[106]
Website 		[107][108][82]
 
Will Hurd 		August 19, 1977
(age 46)
San Antonio, Texas 		U.S. Representative from TX-23
(2015–2021) 		  Texas June 22, 2023 October 9, 2023
(endorsed Haley) 		 
Campaign
FEC filing[109]
Website 		[79][81]
 
Francis Suarez 		October 6, 1977
(age 45)
Miami, Florida 		Mayor of Miami
(2017–present)
Member of the Miami City Commission (2009–2017) 		  Florida June 14, 2023 August 29, 2023  
Campaign
FEC filing[110]
Website Archived August 22, 2023, at the Wayback Machine[a]		 [78][80]

<section end="withdrawnbefore" />

Other notable individuals who were not considered major candidates and who withdrew from the race before the beginning of the primary season include:

Major Independents and third parties

With majority ballot access

Libertarian Party

Main pages: 2024 Libertarian Party presidential primaries and Chase Oliver 2024 presidential campaign

Chase Oliver was chosen by the Libertarian Party as its presidential nominee on May 26, 2024, at the 2024 Libertarian National Convention.[113] As of May 2024, the party has ballot access in at least 37 states with a total of 380 electoral votes.[114]

 
2024 Libertarian Party ticket
Chase Oliver Mike ter Maat
for President for Vice President
 
 
Sales account executive
from Georgia 		Economist
from Virginia
 

Green Party

Main pages: 2024 Green Party presidential primaries and Jill Stein 2024 presidential campaign

Jill Stein announced on May 26, 2024, that her campaign had accrued enough delegates to win the Green Party nomination.[115][116][117] Stein was also the party's candidate in 2012 and 2016. The 2024 Green National Convention took place on August 15–18, 2024.[118] As of June 2024, Stein has ballot access both on Green Party and Independent ballot lines in at least 22 states with a total of 273 electoral votes.[119][better source needed]

 
2024 Green Party ticket
Jill Stein Butch Ware
for President for Vice President
 
160px
Physician
from Massachusetts 		Academic
from California
 

Party for Socialism and Liberation

Main page: Party for Socialism and Liberation

Community organizer Claudia De la Cruz announced her campaign for president on September 7, 2023 with Karina Garcia as her running mate under the Party for Socialism and Liberation ticket.[120] In 2024, Democrats have been working to keep PSL candidate Claudia De la Cruz along with some other third-party candidates like Cornel West off of ballots,[121] while Republicans have been working to get them onto ballots.[121]

 
2024 Party for Socialism and Liberation ticket
Claudia De la Cruz Karina Garcia
for President for Vice President
 
 
Activist
from New York 		Activist
from California
 

Constitution Party

Main pages: 2024 Constitution National Convention and Randall Terry 2024 presidential campaign

On March 29, 2024, anti-abortion activist Randall Terry declared his candidacy in the presidential election.[122] He was nominated by the Constitution Party for president on April 27, 2024.[123] He said he would not accept the nomination if Stephen Broden was not nominated for vice president.[124]

 
2024 Constitution Party ticket
Randall Terry Stephen Broden
for President for Vice President
 
 
Activist
from Tennessee 		Pastor
from Texas
 

Notable Independents

Cornel West

Main page: Cornel West 2024 presidential campaign

Cornel West is a socialist activist and intellectual who announced a campaign as an independent after initially announcing a run as a People's Party and later a Green Party candidate. His running mate is Melina Abdullah, an academic and civic leader from California.

 
2024 independent ticket
Cornel West Melina Abdullah
for President for Vice President
 
 
Academic and activist
from California 		Academic and civic leader
from California
 

Withdrawn candidates

The following notable individual(s) announced and then suspended their campaigns before the election:

Opinion polling

 

 

 

    • Source of poll
    aggregation     		Dates
    administered     		Dates
    updated     		Kamala
    Harris
    Democratic     		Donald
    Trump
    Republican     		Others/
    Undecided
    [b]    		 Margin
    RealClearPolitics August 5 – September 12, 2024 September 12, 2024 48.5% 47.0% 4.5% Harris +1.5%
    Race to the WH through September 12, 2024 September 12, 2024 49.6% 46.3% 4.1% Harris +3.3%
    Decision Desk HQ/The Hill through September 12, 2024 September 12, 2024 49.3% 45.9% 5.0% Harris +3.4%
    270toWin through September 12, 2024 September 12, 2024 48.1% 46.5% 5.4% Harris +1.6%
    FiveThirtyEight through September 12, 2024 September 12, 2024 47.1% 44.3% 8.6% Harris +2.8%
    Silver Bulletin through September 12, 2024 September 12, 2024 48.7% 46.8% 4.5% Harris +1.9%
    Average 48.35% 45.65% 6.0% Harris +2.7%

    2024 United States Presidential Election Media

    • Joe Biden, the incumbent president, whose term expires in January 2025

    • Chart showing the number of Donald Trump statements of "rigged election" or "election interference" etc, as a function of time before the elections of 2016, 2020, 2024* * Source: Yourish, Karen; Smart, Charlie. (May 24, 2024). "Trump’s Pattern of Sowing Election Doubt Intensifies in 2024". The New York Times.*— Arc

    • U.S. president Joe Biden commenting on the assassination attempt, July 13

    • Abortion-rights protestors in Washington, D.C., on May 14, 2022, as part of the Bans Off Our Bodies protest following the leaked draft opinion overturning Roe v. Wade.

    • Trump has pledged to finish the wall on the southern border if elected.

    • Inflation 2018-2024 US vs. EuroZone

    • Joe Biden signing Executive Order 14065 in February 2022 in response to Russia's imminent invasion of Ukraine. The United States has given billions worth of military aid to Ukraine following the Russian invasion of the country in 2022.

    • Students in Des Moines protesting an anti-transgender law signed by Republican Governor Kim Reynolds in 2022

    • Results of the 2024 Republican presidential primaries     Nikki Haley     Donald Trump

    Notes

    1. ↑ Archived August 23, 2023, at the Wayback Machine
    2. ↑ Calculated by taking the difference of 100% and all other candidates combined.

    References

    1. ↑ "Election Planning Calendar" (PDF). essex-virginia.org. Essex County, Virginia. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 7, 2016. Retrieved February 6, 2016.
    2. ↑ "Joe Biden drops out of election, upending race for White House". www.bbc.com. Retrieved July 22, 2024.
    3. ↑ "Party like it's 1968? History repeats itself, Biden decision throws Chicago DNC into uncertain future". NBC Chicago. July 21, 2024. Archived from the original on July 23, 2024. Retrieved July 24, 2024.
    4. ↑ Charalambous, Peter; Pereira, Ivan (May 30, 2024). "Donald Trump becomes 1st US president tried and convicted of crimes". ABC News. Retrieved August 9, 2024.
    5. ↑ For sources on this, see: . https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/12/opinion/republican-party-intrusive-government.html. Retrieved April 12, 2023. "Republicans in states across the country are defiantly pushing for the criminalization of abortion — of the procedure, of abortifacient drugs and of those who travel out of state to terminate pregnancy... According to research provided to The Times by the Kaiser Family Foundation, states that have abortion bans at various early stages of pregnancy with no exception for rape or incest include Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, Florida, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, West Virginia and Wisconsin.".  . https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/11/us/politics/abortion-republicans-elections.html. Retrieved April 12, 2023. 
    6. ↑ McCammon, Sarah (November 8, 2023). "Abortion rights win big in 2023 elections, again". NPR. Archived from the original on December 15, 2023. Retrieved December 16, 2023.
    7. ↑ "Here's why abortion will be such a big issue for the ballot come November". NBC. March 11, 2024. Archived from the original on March 11, 2024. Retrieved March 11, 2024.
    8. ↑ Sahil, Kapur (April 17, 2024). "7 big issues at stake in the 2024 election". NBC. Archived from the original on July 3, 2024. Retrieved April 17, 2024.
    9. ↑ Arnsdorf, Isaac. "Trump brags about efforts to stymie border talks: 'Please blame it on me'". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 28, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
    10. ↑ Gongloff, Mark (January 30, 2024). "The 2024 election just might turn on ... climate change?". Portland Press Herald. Archived from the original on February 13, 2024. Retrieved February 12, 2024.
    11. ↑ Andreoni, Manuela (January 16, 2024). "Climate is on the Ballot Around the World". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 16, 2024. Retrieved January 16, 2024.
    12. ↑ Fields, Gary; Sanders, Linley (December 15, 2023). "Americans agree that the 2024 election will be pivotal for democracy, but for different reasons". Associated Press. https://apnews.com/article/democracy-2024-election-trump-biden-poll-39309519c8473175c25ab5a305e629ba. Retrieved December 16, 2023. 
    13. ↑ "Saving democracy is central to Biden's campaign messaging. Will it resonate with swing state voters?". CBS News. February 18, 2024. Archived from the original on March 13, 2024. Retrieved March 13, 2024.
    14. ↑ Cook, Charlie (March 2, 2023). "Will 2024 Be About the Economy, or the Candidates?". Cook Political Report. Archived from the original on March 25, 2023. Retrieved March 25, 2023.
    15. ↑ Manchester, Julia (January 29, 2023). "Republicans see education as winning issue in 2024". The Hill. Archived from the original on January 29, 2023. Retrieved July 9, 2023.
    16. ↑ Ward, Alexander; Berg, Matt (October 20, 2023). "2024: The foreign policy election?". Politico. Archived from the original on November 20, 2023. Retrieved November 20, 2023.
    17. ↑ Colvin, Jill; Miller, Zeke (November 27, 2023). "Trump says he will renew efforts to replace 'Obamacare' if he wins a second term". Associated Press. Archived from the original on December 4, 2023. Retrieved December 4, 2023.
    18. ↑ "Here's where the 2024 presidential candidates stand on LGBTQ+ issues". ABC News. Archived from the original on December 6, 2023. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
    19. ↑ Gangitano, Alex (November 18, 2021). "Harris says 2024 is 'absolutely not' being discussed yet with Biden". The Hill. Archived from the original on November 19, 2021. Retrieved November 19, 2021.
    20. ↑ Ting, Eric (October 29, 2021). "Kamala Harris' team reportedly worried about 'messy' 2024 fight with Pete Buttigieg". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on November 16, 2021. Retrieved November 19, 2021.
    21. ↑ Lowry, Rich (November 18, 2021). "A 2024 Harris-Buttigieg Primary Would Be Great for Republicans". Politico. Archived from the original on November 20, 2021. Retrieved January 8, 2022.
    22. ↑ Luscombe, Richard (November 21, 2021). "Joe Biden reportedly telling allies he will run for president again in 2024". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/nov/21/joe-biden-2024-reportedly-telling-allies-running-for-president. Retrieved April 19, 2022. 
    23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 Weissert, Will (March 4, 2023). "Marianne Williamson opens long shot 2024 challenge to Biden". San Diego Union-Tribune. https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/california/story/2023-03-04/marianne-williamson-opens-long-shot-2024-challenge-to-biden. Retrieved March 4, 2023. 
    24. ↑ Bradner, Eric; Wright, David (April 5, 2023). "Robert F. Kennedy Jr. files paperwork to run for president as a Democrat". CNN.
    25. ↑ Gittleson, Ben; Nagle, Molly (April 25, 2023). "Joe Biden announces he is running for president again, setting up possible Trump rematch". ABC News. https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/joe-biden-running-reelection-2024-setting-trump-rematch/story?id=98801535. Retrieved April 25, 2023. 
    26. ↑ "Anti-vaccine activist RFK Jr. launches presidential campaign". Associated Press News. April 19, 2023. https://apnews.com/article/kennedy-biden-president-2024-democrat-dd9d6ecf17b54f4b32e7b17778540431. Retrieved May 1, 2023. 
    27. ↑ Gibson, Brittany; Zhang, Andrew (October 9, 2023). "RFK Jr. announces he will run as an independent candidate". Politico. https://www.politico.com/news/2023/10/09/rfk-jr-announces-he-will-run-as-an-independent-candidate-00120604. Retrieved October 9, 2023. 
    28. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named deanrunning.
    29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 29.3 29.4 Lowenkron, Hadriana (July 29, 2024). "Marianne Williamson Ends Longshot 2024 Presidential Bid" (in en). Bloomberg News (Yahoo!). https://www.yahoo.com/news/marianne-williamson-ends-longshot-2024-220408251.html. Retrieved July 30, 2024. 
    30. ↑ To Serve His Country, President Biden Should Leave the Race. June 28, 2024. ISSN 0362-4331 . https://www.nytimes.com/2024/06/28/opinion/biden-election-debate-trump.html. Retrieved June 28, 2024. 
    31. ↑ Allen, Jonathan (June 28, 2024). "Some Democrats start calling for Biden to step aside and 'throw in the towel' on 2024". NBC News. Retrieved June 29, 2024.
    32. ↑ Robertson, Nick (June 30, 2024). These major media outlets have called for Biden to drop out. https://thehill.com/homenews/media/4748637-biden-debate-step-aside-newspapers/. Retrieved July 1, 2024. 
    33. ↑ "Biden has backed Kamala Harris for President. What happens next in US election?". www.bbc.com. Retrieved July 22, 2024.
    34. ↑ Hutzler, Alexandra; Reinstein, Julia; Peller, Lauren; El-Bawab, Nadine; Sarnoff, Leah (July 22, 2024). "Election 2024 updates: Harris secures enough delegates to become presumptive nominee". ABC News. Retrieved July 22, 2024.
    35. ↑ "Election 2024 live updates: Harris picks Minnesota Gov. Tim Walz as her running mate". AP News. Archived from the original on August 6, 2024. Retrieved August 6, 2024.
    36. ↑ Ferguson, Dana (6 August 2024). "Harris taps Minnesota Gov. Tim Walz as her running mate". NPR. https://www.npr.org/2024/08/06/nx-s1-5057604/tim-walz-harris-vice-president. Retrieved 6 August 2024. 
    37. ↑ "Harris campaign has met with 6 potential VP picks as the selection process nears its end". NBC News. August 1, 2024. Archived from the original on August 1, 2024. Retrieved August 1, 2024.
    38. ↑ "Vetting of Harris V.P. Picks Is Said to Be Complete". The New York Times. August 1, 2024. Archived from the original on August 6, 2024. Retrieved August 1, 2024.
    39. ↑ "DNC Announces Chicago to Host 2024 Democratic National Convention". Democratic National Committee. April 11, 2023.
    40. ↑ Sweet, Lynn (May 28, 2022). "New York jumps in race to host 2024 Democratic National Convention: Big competition for Chicago". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
    41. ↑ "Statement of Candidacy" (PDF). docquery.fec.gov. March 2, 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 4, 2023. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
    42. ↑ Gibson, Brittany (February 7, 2024). "Marianne Williamson ends her 2024 presidential run". Politico. https://www.politico.com/news/2024/02/07/marianne-williamson-drops-out-2024-00140297. Retrieved February 7, 2024. 
    43. ↑ Faguy, Ana (February 28, 2024). "Marianne Williamson Re-Enters Presidential Race After 3rd-Place Michigan Finish". Forbes.
    44. ↑ Murray, Isabella (June 12, 2024). "Marianne Williamson signals end of 2024 bid now that presidential primaries have ended". ABC News. https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/marianne-williamson-signals-end-2024-bid-now-presidential/story?id=111054784. Retrieved June 14, 2024. 
    45. ↑ Fortinsky, Sarah (July 2, 2024). "Marianne Williamson calls to replace Biden: 'Today I throw my hat in the ring'". The Hill. https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4752419-marianne-williamson-democratic-party-candidate/. Retrieved July 3, 2024. 
    46. ↑ "Statement of Candidacy" (PDF). docquery.fec.gov. April 25, 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 25, 2023. Retrieved April 25, 2023.
    47. ↑ Gittleson, Ben; Nagle, Molly (April 25, 2023). "Joe Biden announces he is running for president again, setting up possible Trump rematch". ABC News. https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/joe-biden-running-reelection-2024-setting-trump-rematch/story?id=98801535. Retrieved April 25, 2023. 
    48. ↑ Schrader, Adam; Moran, Mark (July 21, 2024). "Biden drops out of presidential race, endorses Harris". United Press International. Retrieved July 21, 2024.
    49. ↑ "Harris says she will "earn and win" Democratic nomination". CNN. July 21, 2024.
    50. ↑ "Statement of Candidacy" (PDF). docquery.fec.gov. February 14, 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 16, 2023. Retrieved February 16, 2023.
    51. ↑ Burlij, Terence; Sullivan, Kate (February 14, 2023). Nikki Haley announces 2024 White House bid. CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2023/02/14/politics/nikki-haley-2024-announcement/index.html. Retrieved February 14, 2023. 
    52. ↑ "Nikki Haley suspends her campaign and leaves Donald Trump as the last major Republican candidate". AP News. March 6, 2024. Retrieved April 15, 2024.
    53. ↑ "Form 1 for Binkley For President 2024". docquery.fec.gov. April 1, 2023. Retrieved August 21, 2023.
    54. ↑ "Form 1 for Binkley For President 2024". docquery.fec.gov. April 10, 2023. Retrieved September 10, 2023.
    55. ↑ 55.0 55.1 "Ryan Binkley, Texas CEO and pastor, announces 2024 Republican presidential run". The Hill. April 24, 2023. Retrieved August 21, 2023.
    56. ↑ 56.0 56.1 Wallace, Danielle (February 27, 2024). "Republican presidential candidate Ryan Binkley drops out, endorses Trump". Fox News. Retrieved February 27, 2024.
    57. ↑ "Form 1 for RON DESANTIS FOR PRESIDENT". docquery.fec.gov. May 24, 2023. Retrieved May 24, 2023.
    58. ↑ "Form 1 for RON DESANTIS FOR PRESIDENT". docquery.fec.gov. June 1, 2023. Retrieved September 10, 2023.
    59. ↑ "Form 1 for RON DESANTIS FOR PRESIDENT". docquery.fec.gov. June 12, 2023. Retrieved September 10, 2023.
    60. ↑ 60.0 60.1 "Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis launches 2024 presidential campaign to challenge Trump". AP News. May 24, 2023. Retrieved May 24, 2023.
    61. ↑ 61.0 61.1 Hernández, Alec; Dixon, Matt; Burns, Dasha; Allen, Jonathan (January 21, 2024). "Ron DeSantis suspends his presidential bid and endorses Trump". NBC News. Archived from the original on January 21, 2024. Retrieved January 21, 2024.
    62. ↑ "Statement of Candidacy" (PDF). docquery.fec.gov. April 6, 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 8, 2023. Retrieved April 8, 2023.
    63. ↑ 63.0 63.1 Julia Manchester (April 26, 2023). "Asa Hutchinson formally launches 2024 presidential campaign". The Hill.
    64. ↑ 64.0 64.1 Huynh, Anjali (January 16, 2024). "Asa Hutchinson Suspends Republican Presidential Bid". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/16/us/politics/asa-hutchinson-2024-campaign.html. Retrieved January 16, 2024. 
    65. ↑ "Statement of Candidacy" (PDF). docquery.fec.gov. February 21, 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 7, 2023. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
    66. ↑ "Statement of Candidacy" (PDF). docquery.fec.gov. June 8, 2023. Retrieved September 10, 2023.
    67. ↑ "Ramaswamy for President? Readers Respond". The Wall Street Journal. February 27, 2023. Archived from the original on February 28, 2023. Retrieved February 28, 2023.
    68. ↑ 68.0 68.1 Weisman, Jonathan (January 15, 2024). "Vivek Ramaswamy Drops Out of 2024 Presidential Race". The New York Times. Retrieved January 15, 2024. Vivek Ramaswamy, the 38-year-old entrepreneur and political newcomer who briefly made a splash with brash policy proposals and an outsize sense of confidence, dropped out of the race for the Republican White House nomination after a disappointing fourth-place finish in the Iowa caucuses. He endorsed former President Donald J. Trump for the White House.
    69. ↑ Michael D'Antonio (November 27, 2020). "Trump 2024? It could happen". CNN. Retrieved December 16, 2020.
    70. ↑ DeBonis, Mike; Kim, Seung Min (January 13, 2020). "House impeaches Trump with 10 Republicans joining, but Senate plans unclear". The Washington Post (MSN) (January 13, 2020). https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/politics/house-impeaches-trump-with-10-republicans-joining-but-senate-plans-unclear/ar-BB1cJkw7?ocid=msedgntp. Retrieved January 13, 2020. 
    71. ↑ Bureau, Montana State News (November 18, 2022). "Former MT Secretary of State announces presidential bid". The Independent Record. Retrieved June 29, 2023.
    72. ↑ "President Perry Johnson? Michigan businessman launches long-shot campaign | Bridge Michigan". www.bridgemi.com. Retrieved February 13, 2023.
    73. ↑ 73.0 73.1 73.2 Allison, Natalie (May 19, 2023). "Tim Scott files paperwork to run for president". Politico. Retrieved May 19, 2023.
    74. ↑ Sara Burnett (April 21, 2023). "Radio host Larry Elder announces 2024 GOP bid for president". Associated Press. Retrieved April 21, 2023.
    75. ↑ 75.0 75.1 Kevin Breuninger (June 5, 2023). "Mike Pence files paperwork to launch 2024 Republican presidential campaign". CNBC.
    76. ↑ 76.0 76.1 "Former New Jersey Gov. Chris Christie, a top GOP Trump critic, files paperwork to launch 2024 presidential campaign". CNBC. June 6, 2023. Retrieved June 6, 2023.
    77. ↑ 77.0 77.1 Burgum, Doug (June 6, 2023). "Doug Burgum: Why I'm Running for President in 2024". The Wall Street Journal.
    78. ↑ 78.0 78.1 Astor, Maggie; Mazzei, Patricia (June 14, 2023). "Francis Suarez, Miami Mayor, Files for a Republican Presidential Run" (in en-US). The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331 . https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/14/us/politics/francis-suarez-2024-election-republican.html. Retrieved June 14, 2023. 
    79. ↑ 79.0 79.1 Will Weisser (June 22, 2023). "Former Texas congressman Will Hurd, a Trump critic, announces 2024 Republican presidential campaign". Associated Press.
    80. ↑ 80.0 80.1 Breuninger, Kevin (August 29, 2023). "Miami Mayor Francis Suarez suspends presidential campaign after failing to qualify for debates". CNBC. Retrieved August 29, 2023.
    81. ↑ 81.0 81.1 Vakil, Caroline (October 9, 2023). "Hurd drops out of 2024 GOP race, endorses Haley" (in en-US). The Hill. https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4246570-hurd-drops-out-of-2024-gop-race-endorses-haley/. Retrieved October 9, 2023. 
    82. ↑ 82.0 82.1 "U.S. Presidential Candidate Corey Stapleton Bows Out of Race". Press release. October 13, 2023. https://www.newswire.com/news/u-s-presidential-candidate-corey-stapleton-bows-out-of-race-22148886. Retrieved October 13, 2023. 
    83. ↑ 83.0 83.1 Tabet, Alex (October 20, 2023). Perry Johnson drops out of 2024 presidential race. NBC News. https://www.nbcnews.com/meet-the-press/meetthepressblog/perry-johnson-drops-2024-presidential-race-rcna121476. Retrieved October 20, 2023. 
    84. ↑ 84.0 84.1 Julia Mueller (October 26, 2023). "Larry Elder drops out of 2024 GOP primary, backs Trump". The Hill. Retrieved October 26, 2023.
    85. ↑ 85.0 85.1 Stracqualursi, Veronica; Holmes, Kristen (October 28, 2023). "Pence suspends White House bid". CNN. Retrieved October 28, 2023.
    86. ↑ 86.0 86.1 Vakil, Caroline (November 12, 2023). "Tim Scott suspends 2024 GOP primary bid". The Hill. Retrieved November 12, 2023.
    87. ↑ 87.0 87.1 Stracqualursi, Veronica (December 4, 2023). Doug Burgum Announces He’s Suspending His 2024 Presidential Campaign. CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2023/12/04/politics/doug-burgum-suspends-campaign/index.html. Retrieved December 4, 2023. 
    88. ↑ 88.0 88.1 Walsh, Kelsey; Kerr, Nicholas; Cathey, Libby; Abdul-Hakim, Gabriella (January 10, 2024). "Christie ends presidential campaign, says Nikki Haley is 'gonna get smoked'". ABC News. https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/chris-christie-expected-end-2024-presidential-campaign-sources/story?id=105852479. Retrieved January 10, 2024. 
    89. ↑ Gold, Michael; Barnes, Julian E.; Levien, Simon J. (2024-07-13). "Trump Is Safe After Assassination Attempt; Suspected Gunman Is Dead" (in en-US). The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331 . https://www.nytimes.com/live/2024/07/13/us/biden-trump-election. Retrieved 2024-08-19. 
    90. ↑ "Ohio Senator JD Vance is Donald Trump's pick for vice president". USA Today. Retrieved July 15, 2024.
    91. ↑ "Trump zeroes in on his VP finalists: From the Politics Desk". NBC News. June 21, 2024. Archived from the original on June 26, 2024. Retrieved June 22, 2024.
    92. ↑ Levin, Paige (July 13, 2024). Trump compares VP selection to 'The Apprentice'. CNN. Retrieved July 13, 2024.
    93. ↑ "Milwaukee gets recommendation to host 2024 GOP convention". CBS News. July 16, 2022. Retrieved July 19, 2022.
    94. ↑ Marshall, Julia (December 21, 2022). "White Official dates for Republican National Convention released". WTMJ-TV Milwaukee. Retrieved December 21, 2022.
    95. ↑ Dan Merica. "Republicans are down to four finalist cities for 2024 convention". CNN. Retrieved January 8, 2022.
    96. ↑ "Federal Election Commission". Retrieved June 6, 2023.
    97. ↑ "Form 1 for Doug Burgum for America, Inc". docquery.fec.gov. Retrieved June 7, 2023.
    98. ↑ "Statement of Candidacy" (PDF). docquery.fec.gov. May 19, 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 19, 2023. Retrieved May 19, 2023.
    99. ↑ "Statement of Candidacy" (PDF). docquery.fec.gov. June 12, 2023. Retrieved September 10, 2023.
    100. ↑ "Statement of Candidacy". docquery.fec.gov. June 5, 2023. Retrieved June 5, 2023.
    101. ↑ "Statement of Candidacy" (PDF). docquery.fec.gov. May 1, 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 13, 2023. Retrieved May 13, 2023.
    102. ↑ Kelly Garrity (April 20, 2023). "Larry Elder enters 2024 presidential race". Politico. Archived from the original on April 21, 2023. Retrieved April 22, 2023.
    103. ↑ "Statement ofCandidacy" (PDF). docquery.fec.gov. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
    104. ↑ "Businessman Perry Johnson announces 2024 presidential bid". Associated Press. March 3, 2023. Retrieved June 17, 2023.
    105. ↑ Timotija, Filip (October 23, 2023). "Former GOP presidential candidate Perry Johnson endorses Trump". The Hill. Retrieved October 23, 2023.
    106. ↑ "Form 1 for Corey Stapleton for President". docquery.fec.gov. Retrieved August 25, 2023.
    107. ↑ Warren, Bradley (March 10, 2022). Corey Stapleton announcing that he is 'Testing the Waters,' to run for president in 2024. KULR-TV. https://www.kulr8.com/politics/corey-stapleton-announcing-that-he-is-testing-the-waters-to-run-for-president-in-2024/article_dfb72bcc-a096-11ec-ba67-e7bbab546641.html. Retrieved October 15, 2023. 
    108. ↑ "Former MT Secretary of State announces presidential bid". Helena Independent Record. November 18, 2022. Archived from the original on January 11, 2023. Retrieved December 5, 2022.
    109. ↑ "Form 1 for Hurd for America, Inc". docquery.fec.gov. Retrieved June 22, 2023.
    110. ↑ "Federal Election Commission". Retrieved June 14, 2023.
    111. ↑ Julia Musto (February 2, 2023). "Former Rhode Island mayor launches presidential bid". Fox News. Archived from the original on February 2, 2023. Retrieved February 2, 2023.
    112. ↑ Abdul-Hakim, Gabriella (October 6, 2023). Steve Laffey leaves the 2024 race, reflects on longshot campaign. ABC News. https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/abc-steve-laffey-leaves-2024-race-reflects-longshot/story?id=103736277. Retrieved October 6, 2023. 
    113. ↑ Robertson, Nick (May 26, 2024). "Libertarian Party chooses Chase Oliver as presidential nominee". The Hill. https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4687416-libertarian-party-chooses-chase-oliver-as-presidential-nominee/. Retrieved May 27, 2024. 
    114. ↑ Oppenheim, Oren (May 24, 2024). "Could RFK Jr., Libertarian Party team up? How it could be a game-changer for him". ABC News. https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/rfk-jr-libertarian-party-team-ballot-access-reverses/story?id=110537083. Retrieved May 27, 2024. 
    115. ↑ DrJillStein (May 26, 2024). "BREAKING: We have received enough delegates to clinch the @GreenPartyUS presidential nomination! We have swept 21 states' delegate selection conventions, bringing our total delegate count to 219. We can't continue this fight without your help! We don't take money from super PACs and rely on supporters like you. Join our movement for people, planet and peace: jillstein2024.com/donate" (Tweet). Retrieved May 28, 2024. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
    116. ↑ Kennedy, Kaitlyn (May 26, 2024). "Jill Stein makes major announcement on Green Party nomination for president". MSN. Archived from the original on July 25, 2024. Retrieved May 28, 2024.
    117. ↑ Astor, Maggie (November 9, 2023). "Jill Stein Announces Third-Party Bid For President". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 9, 2023. Retrieved November 9, 2023.
    118. ↑ "2024 Green Party ANM / PNC". Green Party US. April 15, 2024. Retrieved May 27, 2024.
    119. ↑ "Ballot Access Map – Jill Stein 2024". jillstein2024ballotaccess.com. Archived from the original on May 27, 2024. Retrieved June 7, 2024.
    120. ↑ Kennedy, Kaitlyn (September 28, 2023). "Presidential candidate Claudia De la Cruz on reparations and her fight for a socialist third option". TAG24. https://www.tag24.com/politics/politicians/presidential-candidate-claudia-de-la-cruz-on-reparations-and-her-fight-for-a-socialist-third-option-2958598. Retrieved January 7, 2024. 
    121. ↑ 121.0 121.1 Amy, Jeff (August 29, 2024). "Georgia puts Cornel West, Jill Stein and Claudia De la Cruz on the state's presidential ballots". AP News. Retrieved August 30, 2024. Democrats legally challenged West, De la Cruz, Kennedy and Stein, seeking to block candidates who could siphon votes from Harris after Joe Biden won Georgia by fewer than 12,000 votes in 2020...Georgia is one of several states where Democrats and allied groups have filed challenges to third-party and independent candidates. Republicans in Georgia intervened, seeking to keep all the candidates on the ballot.
    122. ↑ "Three Candidates for the Constitution Party Presidential Nomination to Debate on April 6 |". March 30, 2024. Retrieved May 28, 2024.
    123. ↑ "Randall Terry Wins Constitution Party's Presidential Nomination |". April 27, 2024. Retrieved May 28, 2024.
    124. ↑ "Constitution Party Vice-Presidential Nominee is Stephen E. Broden |". April 27, 2024. Retrieved May 28, 2024.
    125. ↑ Steinhauser, Paul (August 22, 2024). "Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. to endorse Trump for president, court filing shows". Fox News. Retrieved August 23, 2024.
    126. ↑ Dickinson, Tim (October 20, 2023). "Kanye is 'Not a Candidate in 2024,' His Lawyer Says". Rolling Stone. https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-features/kanye-presidential-run-2024-ending-1234858651/. Retrieved October 20, 2023. 
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