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List of tallest buildings

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File:Tallest Buildings in the World 2020.png
The tallest buildings in 2020

This list of tallest buildings includes skyscrapers with continuously occupiable floors and a height of at least 350 m. Non-building structures, such as towers, are not included in this list (see list of tallest buildings and structures).

Historically, the world's tallest man-made structure was the ancient tomb - the Great Pyramid of Giza in Egypt, which held the position for over 3,800 years[1] until the construction of Lincoln Cathedral in England in 1311. Until the completion of the Washington Monument in 1884 the world's tallest buildings were Christian churches and cathedrals in Europe. The early skyscraper was pioneered in Chicago with the 138 ft (42.1 m) Home Insurance Building in 1885, forming the basis for which the United States would hold the position of the world's tallest building throughout the 20th century until 1998, when the Petronas Towers were completed. Since then only two buildings have held the title: Taipei 101 in 2004 and Burj Khalifa in 2010.[2]

Since the beginning of the 21st century, the US, the Middle East, China, and Southeast Asia have experienced booms in skyscraper construction.

Ranking criteria and alternatives

The international non-profit organization Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH) was formed in 1969 and announces the title of "The World's Tallest Building" and sets the standards by which buildings are measured. It maintains a list of the 100 tallest completed buildings in the world.[3] The organization currently ranks Burj Khalifa in Dubai as the tallest at 828 m (2,717 ft).[3] However, the CTBUH only recognizes buildings that are complete, and some buildings included within the lists in this article are not considered finished by the CTBUH.

In 1996, as a response to the dispute as to whether the Petronas Towers or the Sears Tower was taller,[4] the council listed and ranked buildings in four categories:

  • height to structural or architectural top;
  • height to floor of highest occupied floor;
  • height to top of roof (removed as category in November 2009);[5] and
  • height to top of any part of the building.

Spires are considered integral parts of the architectural design of buildings, changes to which would substantially change the appearance and design of the building, whereas antennas may be added or removed without such consequences. The Petronas Towers, with their spires, are thus ranked higher than the Willis Tower (formerly the Sears Tower) with its antennas, despite the Petronas Towers's lower roofs and lower highest point.

Until 1996, the world's tallest building was defined by the height to the top of the tallest architectural element, including spires but not antennae. This led to a rivalry between the Bank of Manhattan Building and the Chrysler Building. The Bank of Manhattan Building (i.e. 40 Wall Street) employed only a short spire and was 282.5 m (927 ft) tall and had a much higher top occupied floor (the second category in the 1996 criteria for tallest building). In contrast, the Chrysler Building employed a very large 38.1 m (125 ft) spire secretly assembled inside the building to claim the title of world's tallest building with a total height of 318.9 m (1,046 ft), although it had a lower top occupied floor and a shorter height when both buildings' spires were excluded.

Upset by Chrysler's victory, Shreve & Lamb, the consulting architects of the Bank of Manhattan Building, wrote a newspaper article claiming that their building was actually the tallest, since it contained the world's highest usable floor, at 255 m (837 ft). They pointed out that the observation deck in the Bank of Manhattan Building was nearly 30 m (98 ft) above the top floor in the Chrysler Building, whose surpassing spire was strictly ornamental and inaccessible.[6]

At present, the Burj Khalifa tops the list by some margin, regardless of which criterion is applied.[7][8]

Tallest buildings in the world

As of 2020, this list includes all 75 buildings (completed and architecturally topped out) which reach a height of 350 metres (1,150 ft) or more, as assessed by their highest architectural feature. Of these, 37 are in China. Six of the last seven buildings to have held the record as 'tallest building' are still found in the list, with the exception being the North Tower of the original World Trade Center at 417 metres (1,368 ft) after its destruction in the September 11 attacks of 2001. If the twin towers had not been destroyed and One World Trade Center never built, the WTC towers would rank 34 and 35 on the list today.

bold Denotes building that is or was once the tallest in the world
Rank Name Image City Country Height[9] Floors Year Notes
m ft
1 Burj Khalifa Dubai 22x20px United Arab Emirates 828 2,717 163 2010
2 Shanghai Tower 100px Shanghai File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China 632 2,073 128 2015 The tallest twisted building.
3 Abraj Al-Bait Clock Tower Mecca 22x20px Saudi Arabia 601 1,971 120 2012 Tallest building with a clock face.
4 Ping An Finance Center 100px Shenzhen File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China 599 1,965 115 2017 Shares the record of the highest observation deck with Shanghai Tower (#2) at 562 m.
5 Lotte World Tower 100px Seoul 22x20px South Korea 554.5 1,819 123 2017
6 One World Trade Center 100px New York City 22x20px United States 541.3 1,776 104 2014
7 Guangzhou CTF Finance Center 100px Guangzhou File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China 530 1,739 111 2016
8 Tianjin CTF Finance Center File:Tianjin CTF Finance Centre, 23 of 24 cropped.jpg Tianjin 530 1,739 98 2019
9 China Zun 100px Beijing 528 1,732 108
10 Taipei 101 File:Taipei101.portrait.altonthompson.jpg Taipei File:Flag of the Republic of China.svg Taiwan 508 1,667 101 2004 The world's tallest building from 2004 to 2010.
11 Shanghai World Financial Center 100px Shanghai File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China 492 1,614 101 2008 Was the tallest building in China until the completion of the adjacent Shanghai Tower.
12 International Commerce Centre 100px Hong Kong 484 1,588 118 2010
13 Central Park Tower 100px New York City 22x20px United States 472 1,550 98 2020 Tallest residential building in the world. Topped out in September 2019.[10]
14 Lakhta Center 100px Saint Petersburg 22x20px Russia 462 1,516 86 2019 Tallest building in Europe since 2018.[11]
15 Landmark 81 100px Ho Chi Minh City 22x20px Vietnam 461.2 1,513 81 2018
16 Changsha IFS Tower T1 100px Changsha File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China 452.1 1,483 88 2018
17 Petronas Tower 1 100px Kuala Lumpur 22x20px Malaysia 451.9 1,483 88 1998 Tallest twin towers in the world; were the world's tallest buildings upon completion in 1998, and the first tallest building since 1908 outside of the United States.
Petronas Tower 2
19 Zifeng Tower 100px Nanjing File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China 450 1,476 89 2010
Suzhou IFS 100px Suzhou 92 2019
21 The Exchange 106 File:Exchange 106 (5-6-2018).jpg Kuala Lumpur 22x20px Malaysia 445.1 1,460 97 2019
22 Willis Tower 100px Chicago 22x20px United States 442.1 1,450 108 1974 Formerly known, and still commonly referred to, as the Sears Tower. It was the tallest building in the world from 1974 until 1998.
23 KK100 100px Shenzhen  China 442 1,449 100 2011
24 Guangzhou International Finance Center File:GZIFC.jpg Guangzhou 440 1,440 103 2010
25 Wuhan Center 100px Wuhan 438 1,437 88 2019
26 111 West 57th Street 100px New York City 22x20px United States 435.3 1,428 84 2021
27 One Vanderbilt 100px 427 1,401 58 2020
28 Dongguan International Trade Center 1 100px Dongguan File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China 426.9 1,401 88 2020
29 432 Park Avenue 100px New York City 22x20px United States 425.5 1,396 88 2015 Third-tallest residential building in the world.[10]
30 Marina 101 Dubai 22x20px United Arab Emirates 425 1,394 101 2017
31 Trump International Hotel and Tower 100px Chicago 22x20px United States 423.2 1,388 98 2009
32 Jin Mao Tower 100px Shanghai File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China 421 1,380 88 1999
33 Princess Tower Dubai 22x20px United Arab Emirates 414 1,358 101 2012
34 Al Hamra Tower Kuwait City 22x20px Kuwait 412.6 1,354 80 2011
35 International Finance Centre File:IFC, Hong Kong Island (2796343561).jpg Hong Kong File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China 412 1,352 88 2003
36 Haeundae LCT The Sharp Landmark Tower File:LCT From Dongbaek Island 2020.01.04 (2).jpg Busan 22x20px South Korea 411.6 1,352 101 2019
37 Nanning China Resources Tower Nanning File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China 402.7 1,321 85 2020
39 Guiyang Financial Center Tower 1[12] Guiyang File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China 401 1,316 79 2020
39 China Resources Headquarters 100px Shenzhen File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China 392.5 1,288 67 2018
40 23 Marina Dubai 22x20px United Arab Emirates 392.4 1,287 89 2012
41 CITIC Plaza 100px Guangzhou File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China 390.2 1,280 80 1996
42 Shum Yip Upperhills Tower 1 Shenzhen 388.1 1,273 80 2020
43 30 Hudson Yards 100px New York City 22x20px United States 386.6 1,268 73 2018
44 Capital Market Authority Headquarters Riyadh 22x20px Saudi Arabia 385 1,263 77 2020
45 Shun Hing Square 100px Shenzhen File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China 384 1,260 69 1996
46 Eton Place Dalian Tower 1 100px Dalian 383 1,257 81 2015
47 Logan Century Center 1 Nanning 381.3 1,251 82 2018
48 Burj Mohammed bin Rashid Abu Dhabi 22x20px United Arab Emirates 381.2 1,251 88 2014
49 Empire State Building 100px New York City 22x20px United States 381 1,250 102 1931 Tallest building in the world from 1931 until 1972; tallest man-made structure in the world from 1931 to 1967; first building in the world to contain over 100 floors[17][18]
50 Elite Residence Dubai 22x20px United Arab Emirates 380.5 1,248 87 2012
51 Shenzhen Center Shenzhen File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China 375.6 1,232 80 2020
52 Central Plaza File:Central-plaza2.jpg Hong Kong 373.9 1,226 78 1992
53 Federation Tower (East Tower) 100px Moscow 22x20px Russia 373.7 1,226 95 2016
54 Dalian International Trade Center Dalian File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China 370.2 1,214 86 2019
55 Address Boulevard 100px Dubai 22x20px United Arab Emirates 370 1,214 72 2017
56 Haitian Center Tower 2 [13] Qingdao File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China 369 1,211 72 2020
57 Golden Eagle Tiandi Tower A Nanjing 368.1 1,208 76 2018
58 Bank of China Tower HK Bank of China Tower View.jpg Hong Kong 367 1,205 70 1990
59 Bank of America Tower 100px New York City 22x20px United States 365.8 1,200 56 2009
60 Vista Tower 100px Chicago 22x20px United States 362.9 1,191 101 2020
61 Almas Tower 100px Dubai 22x20px United Arab Emirates 360 1,181 68 2009
62 Hanking Center Shenzhen File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China 358.9 1,177 65 2017
63 Greenland Group Suzhou Center[14] Suzhou File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China 358 1,175 77 2021
64 Gevora Hotel Dubai 22x20px United Arab Emirates 356.3 1,169 75 2012
65 JW Marriott Marquis Dubai Tower 1 1,166 82
JW Marriott Marquis Dubai Tower 2 355
67 Emirates Office Tower 100px 354.6 1,163 54 2000
68 Raffles City Chongqing T3N 100px Chongqing  China 354.5 79 2018
Raffles City Chongqing T4N 2019
70 OKO Tower - South Tower 100px Moscow 22x20px Russia 354 1,160 85 2015
71 The Marina Torch Dubai 22x20px United Arab Emirates 352 1,155 86 2011
72 Forum 66 Tower 1 Forum 66, Shenyang, Oct2014.png Shenyang  China 350.6 1,150 68 2015
73 The Pinnacle 100px Guangzhou 350.3 1,149 60 2012
74 Xi An Glory International Financial Center Xi'an 350 1,148 75 2020

Alternative measurements

Height to pinnacle (highest point)

File:Tallest Buildings in the World by pinnacle height.png
Tallest buildings by pinnacle height, including all masts, poles, antennae, etc. in 2014

This measurement disregards distinctions between architectural and non-architectural extensions, and simply measures to the highest point. This measurement is useful for air traffic obstacle determinations, and is also a wholly objective measure. However, this measurement includes extensions that are easily added, removed, and modified from a building and are independent of the overall structure.

This measurement only recently came into use, when the Petronas Towers passed the Sears Tower (now named Willis Tower) in height. The former was considered taller because its spires were considered architectural, while the latter's antennae were not. This led to the split of definitions, with the Sears Tower claiming the lead in this and the height-to-roof (now highest occupied floor) categories, and with the Petronas claiming the lead in the architectural height category.

If the World Trade Center towers were still standing today they would occupy numbers 12 (North Tower at 526.7 m (1,728 ft))[15] and 37 on the list (or 11 and 36, for it can be assumed the One World Trade Center would have never been built).

† Denotes building with pinnacle height higher than architectural

Template:Row indexer

Height to occupied floor

This height is measured from the level of the lowest, significant, open-air, pedestrian entrance to the highest occupied floor within the building. Template:Row indexer

Buildings under construction

This is a list of buildings taller than 350 m that are currently under construction.[16] On-hold buildings whose construction was interrupted after it had reached a significantly advanced state are also listed.

Building Planned architectural height Floors Planned completion Country City Ref.
Jeddah Tower[note 1] 1,000 m (3,300 ft) 167+ 2023 22x20px Saudi Arabia Jeddah [19]
Merdeka 118 644 m (2,113 ft) 118 2023 22x20px Malaysia Kuala Lumpur [20]
Goldin Finance 117[note 2] 596.6 m (1,957 ft) 128 2022 File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China Tianjin
Suzhou Zhongnan Center 499.2 m (1,638 ft) 103 2025 File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China Suzhou [21]
Greenland Centre 498 m (1,634 ft) 101 2024 File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China Xi'an [22]
Greenland Jinmao International Financial Center 498 m (1,634 ft) 104 2025 File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China Nanjing [23]
Wuhan CTF Centre 475 m (1,558 ft) 84 2026 File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China Wuhan
Chengdu Greenland Tower 468 m (1,535 ft) 116 2021 File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China Chengdu
Corporate Avenue 1 468 m (1,535 ft) 99 2022 File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China Chongqing [24]
Tianshan Gate of the World 450 m (1,480 ft) 106 2025 File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China Shijiazhuang [25]
Tianjin R&F Guangdong Tower 468 m (1,535 ft) 91 unknown File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China Tianjin
Marina 106 445 m (1,460 ft) 104 2024 22x20px UAE Dubai
World One[note 3] 442 m (1,450 ft) 117 ? 22x20px India Mumbai
Riverview Plaza 436 m (1,430 ft) 73 2021 File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China Wuhan
Chongqing Tall Tower 431 m (1,414 ft) 101 2023 Chongqing [26]
Shandong IFC 428 m (1,404 ft) 86 Jinan [27]
Nanjing Financial City Tower 1 411 m (1,348 ft) 87 ? Nanjing [28]
Ningbo Center Tower 1 409 m (1,342 ft) 80 2023 Ningbo [29]
Dongfeng Plaza Landmark Tower 407 m (1,335 ft) 100 2022 Kunming [30]
One Tower 405 m (1,329 ft) 101 2024 22x20px Russia Moscow [31]
Evergrande Center 393.9 m (1,292 ft) 71 2024 File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China Shenzhen [32]
Chengmai Center 388 m (1,273 ft) 70 2022 File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China Shenzhen [33]
Iconic Tower 385 m (1,263 ft) 90 2023 22x20px Egypt Cairo [34]
Guiyang World Trade Center Landmark Tower 380 m (1,250 ft) ? 2021 File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China Guiyang [35]
Guangdong Business Center 375.5 m (1,232 ft) 60 2022 Guangzhou [36]
Fairmont Kuala Lumpur Tower 1 370 m (1,210 ft) 78 2022 22x20px Malaysia Kuala Lumpur [37]
Coronation Square Tower 1 370 m (1,210 ft) 78 ? Johor Bahru [38]
Xujiahui Center Tower 1 370 m (1,210 ft) 70 2023 File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China Shanghai [39]
Uptown Tower 370 m (1,210 ft) 78 2022 22x20px UAE Dubai [40]
Galaxy 1 369 m (1,211 ft) 84 File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China Shenzhen [41]
Galaxy 2 369 m (1,211 ft) Shenzhen [42]
Ciel Tower 365 m (1,198 ft) 77 2023 22x20px UAE Dubai [43]
Three Sixty West Tower B 361.2 m (1,185 ft) 90 2021 22x20px India Mumbai [44]
Ping An Finance Center Tower 1 360 m (1,180 ft) 74 2023 File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China Jinan [45]
Huiyun Center[note 2] 359.2 m (1,178 ft) 80 2022 File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China Shenzhen [46]
Greenland Group Suzhou Center[note 2] 358 m (1,175 ft) 75 2021 File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China Suzhou [14]
Il Primo Tower 1 356 m (1,168 ft) 88 2021 22x20px UAE Dubai [47]
Agricultural Development Center Tower 1 350 m (1,150 ft) ? ? File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China Harbin [48]

List by continent

The following list shows the tallest completed buildings in each continent listed by greatest to least height (click on name of continent for continent-specific list):

Continent Building Height Floor count Completed Country City
Asia Burj Khalifa 828 m (2,717 ft) 163 2010 22x20px United Arab Emirates Dubai
North America One World Trade Center 541.3 m (1,776 ft) 104 2014 22x20px United States New York City
Europe Lakhta Center 462 m (1,516 ft) 86 2018 22x20px Russia St. Petersburg
Australia Q1 323 m (1,060 ft) 78 2005 22x20px Australia Gold Coast
South America Gran Torre Santiago[49] 300 m (980 ft) 64 2012 22x20px Chile Santiago
Africa The Leonardo 227 m (745 ft) 55 2019 22x20px South Africa Johannesburg[50][51]
Antarctica Long Duration Balloon (LDB) Payload Preparation Buildings[52] 15 m (49 ft) — 2005[53] N/A McMurdo Station

List Of Tallest Buildings Media

  • Tallest buildings 2022.png

    A diagram showing the tallest buildings as of 2024

  • Merdeka 118 20230317.jpg

    Photo of Merdeka 118 taken from Kuala Lumpur Tower

  • Shanghai Tower in 2015 (2).jpg

    Shanghai Tower in 2015 (2)

  • Pingan International Finance Center2020.jpg

    Pingan International Finance Center2020

  • New York and Jersey City Skyline Panorama Crop Edit - One World Trade Center.jpg

    New York and Jersey City Skyline Panorama Crop Edit - One World Trade Center

  • Guangzhou CTF Finance Center.jpg

    Guangzhou CTF Finance Center

Notes

  1. ↑ Marked as under Construction by CTBUH, on-hold according to other sources[17][18]
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Structurally Topped Out
  3. ↑ On-hold, two thirds of height built

References

  1. ↑ Collins, Dana M. (2001). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt. Oxford University Press. p. 234. ISBN 978-0-19-510234-5.
  2. ↑ GmbH, Emporis. "History of the World's Tallest Buildings". EMPORIS. Archived from the original on 2020-06-22. Retrieved 2020-06-22.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "100 tallest completed buildings in the world". CTBUH. Retrieved 27 April 2012.
  4. ↑ Lynn S. Beedle. "Tallest: Petronas vs. Sears Tower Controversy". Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2014-08-24.
  5. ↑ CTBUH changes height criteria, Burj Khalifa height increases. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. 17 November 2009. http://www.ctbuh.org/NewsMedia/PR_091117_ChangeHeightCriteria/tabid/1273/language/en-US/Default.aspx. Retrieved 18 November 2009. 
  6. ↑ Binder, Georges (August 2006). 101 of the world's tallest buildings. Images Pub. p. 102. ISBN 978-1-86470-173-9.
  7. ↑ "Tall Buildings In Numbers Vanity Height". Ctbuh.org. Archived from the original on 2013-11-17. Retrieved 2013-09-21.
  8. ↑ "Most of the World's Tallest Buildings Game the System With 'Vanity Height' - Jenny Xie". The Atlantic Cities. 2013-09-09. Archived from the original on 2014-04-25. Retrieved 2013-09-21.
  9. ↑ "Create Lists/Graphics - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2019-06-10.
  10. ↑ Young, Michael (September 17, 2019). "Central Park Tower Officially Tops Out 1,550 Feet Above Midtown, Becoming World's Tallest Residential Building". New York YIMBY. https://www.newyorkyimby.com/2019/09/central-park-tower-officially-tops-out-1550-feet-above-midtown-becoming-worlds-tallest-residential-building.html. Retrieved September 17, 2019. 
  11. ↑ Prisco, Jacopo. "Europe's tallest skyscraper nears completion". CNN. Retrieved 2020-01-15.
  12. ↑ Guiyang Financial Center Tower 1 at CTBUH Skyscraper Database
  13. ↑ Hai Tian Center Tower 2 at CTBUH Skyscraper Database
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 "Greenland Group Suzhou Center". The Skyscraper Center. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved October 21, 2014.
  15. ↑ "One World Trade Center". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
  16. ↑ "All Global Buildings". CTBUH. Retrieved 25 January 2019.
  17. ↑ Jeddah Tower at Emporis
  18. ↑ Jeddah Tower at Emporis
  19. ↑ "Kingdom Tower in Saudi Arabia Will Soon Be the World's Tallest Building". Mashable.com. 19 April 2014. Retrieved 2014-12-28.
  20. ↑ "Merdeka PNB118 - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2019-10-24.
  21. ↑ Suzhou Zhongnan Center at CTBUH Skyscraper Database
  22. ↑ Greenland Centre at CTBUH Skyscraper Database
  23. ↑ Greenland Jinmao International Financial Center at CTBUH Skyscraper Database
  24. ↑ "Corporate Avenue 1 : The Skyscraper Center". Skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
  25. ↑ Tianshan Gate of the World Plots 27 and 28 at CTBUH Skyscraper Database
  26. ↑ Chongqing Tall Tower at CTBUH Skyscraper Database
  27. ↑ Shandong IFC at CTBUH Skyscraper Database
  28. ↑ Nanjing Financial City Phase II Plot C Tower 1 at CTBUH Skyscraper Database
  29. ↑ Ningbo Center Tower 1 at CTBUH Skyscraper Database
  30. ↑ Dongfeng Plaza Landmark Tower at CTBUH Skyscraper Database
  31. ↑ One Tower at CTBUH Skyscraper Database
  32. ↑ Evergrande Center at CTBUH Skyscraper Database
  33. ↑ One Chengmai Center at CTBUH Skyscraper Database
  34. ↑ Iconic Tower at CTBUH Skyscraper Database
  35. ↑ Guiyang World Trade Center Landmark Tower at CTBUH Skyscraper Database
  36. ↑ Guangdong Business Center at CTBUH Skyscraper Database
  37. ↑ Fairmont Kuala Lumpur Tower 1 at CTBUH Skyscraper Database
  38. ↑ Coronation Square Tower 1 at CTBUH Skyscraper Database
  39. ↑ Xujiahui Center Tower 1 at CTBUH Skyscraper Database
  40. ↑ Uptown Tower at CTBUH Skyscraper Database
  41. ↑ Galaxy Tower 1 at CTBUH Skyscraper Database
  42. ↑ Galaxy Tower 2 at CTBUH Skyscraper Database
  43. ↑ "Ciel Tower". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
  44. ↑ "Oberoi Oasis Residential Tower;". CTBUH. Retrieved 2012-08-23.
  45. ↑ Ping An Finance Center Tower 1 at CTBUH Skyscraper Database
  46. ↑ Huiyun Center at CTBUH Skyscraper Database
  47. ↑ "Il Primo Tower 1". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
  48. ↑ "Agricultural Development Center Tower 1". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
  49. ↑ Costanera Center es oficialmente el edificio más alto de Latinoámerica. 2012-02-14. http://www.lasegunda.com/Noticias/Nacional/2012/02/721619/costanera-center-coloca-la-ultima-pieza-de-la-obra-gruesa. 
  50. ↑ "New Sandton skyscraper is the tallest building in Africa - it offers a view of Magaliesberg". Fin24. September 20, 2019.
  51. ↑ "Leonardo in Sandton will be Africa's tallest building | Pretoria News". www.iol.co.za. Archived from the original on 2020-11-28. Retrieved 2020-07-23.
  52. ↑ Pacheco, Luis Eduardo. "McMurdo Station, Antarctica - Stratospheric balloon launches". stratocat.com.ar. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
  53. ↑ Jones, W. Vernon. "Report on the Balloon Program" Archived 2016-03-07 at the Wayback Machine, NASA Astrophysics Subcommittee Meeting. 16 April 2013.

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