Template:Infobox cerium
- Temp: comparing dataset and input-parameter here to check. No effect in article. [January 2019]
- DIFF
- (parameter is empty) -- infobox
- [Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2[2] -- dataset
- Using symb-to-elconfig dataset now. DIFFs marked here may be caused by technical issues wrt reference handling, not actual diffs. -DePiep (talk) 20:17, 3 February 2019 (UTC)
General properties | |||||||||||||||
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Pronunciation | /ˈsɪəriəm/ | ||||||||||||||
Appearance | silvery white | ||||||||||||||
Standard atomic weight (Ar, standard) | 140.116(1)[3] | ||||||||||||||
Cerium in the periodic table | |||||||||||||||
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Atomic number (Z) | 58 | ||||||||||||||
Group | group n/a | ||||||||||||||
Period | period {{{period}}} | ||||||||||||||
Block | [[{{{block}}}-block]] | ||||||||||||||
Electron configuration | [Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2[4] | ||||||||||||||
Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 19, 9, 2 | ||||||||||||||
Physical properties | |||||||||||||||
Phase at STP | Ce: Solid | ||||||||||||||
Melting point | 1068 K (795 °C, 1463 °F) | ||||||||||||||
Boiling point | 3716 K (3443 °C, 6229 °F) | ||||||||||||||
Density (near r.t.) | 6.770 g/cm3 | ||||||||||||||
when liquid (at m.p.) | 6.55 g/cm3 | ||||||||||||||
Heat of fusion | 5.46 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||
Heat of vaporization | 398 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||
Molar heat capacity | 26.94 J/(mol·K) | ||||||||||||||
Vapor pressure
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Atomic properties | |||||||||||||||
Oxidation states | +1, +2, +3, +4 (a mildly basic oxide) | ||||||||||||||
Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 1.12 | ||||||||||||||
Ionization energies |
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Atomic radius | empirical: 181.8 pm | ||||||||||||||
Covalent radius | 204±9 pm | ||||||||||||||
Spectral lines of cerium | |||||||||||||||
Other properties | |||||||||||||||
Natural occurrence | Ce: Primordial | ||||||||||||||
Crystal structure | double hexagonal close-packed (dhcp) β-Ce | ||||||||||||||
Crystal structure | face-centered cubic (fcc) γ-Ce | ||||||||||||||
Speed of sound thin rod | 2100 m/s (at 20 °C) | ||||||||||||||
Thermal expansion | γ, poly: 6.3 µm/(m·K) (at r.t.) | ||||||||||||||
Thermal conductivity | 11.3 W/(m·K) | ||||||||||||||
Electrical resistivity | β, poly: 828 nΩ·m (at r.t.) | ||||||||||||||
Magnetic ordering | paramagnetic[5] | ||||||||||||||
Magnetic susceptibility | (β) +2450.0×10−6 cm3/mol (293 K)[6] | ||||||||||||||
Young's modulus | γ form: 33.6 GPa | ||||||||||||||
Shear modulus | γ form: 13.5 GPa | ||||||||||||||
Bulk modulus | γ form: 21.5 GPa | ||||||||||||||
Poisson ratio | γ form: 0.24 | ||||||||||||||
Mohs hardness | 2.5 | ||||||||||||||
Vickers hardness | 210–470 MPa | ||||||||||||||
Brinell hardness | 186–412 MPa | ||||||||||||||
CAS Number | 7440-45-1 | ||||||||||||||
History | |||||||||||||||
Naming | after dwarf planet Ceres, itself named after Roman deity of agriculture Ceres | ||||||||||||||
Discovery | Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger (1803) | ||||||||||||||
First isolation | Carl Gustaf Mosander (1838) | ||||||||||||||
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most stable isotope | |
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References
- ↑ Ground levels and ionization energies for the neutral atoms, NIST
- ↑ Ground levels and ionization energies for the neutral atoms, NIST
- ↑ Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B.; Berglund, M.; Brand, W.A.; De Bièvre, P.; Gröning, M.; Holden, N.E.; Irrgeher, J.; Loss, R.D.; Walczyk, T.; Prohaska, T. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
{{cite journal}}
: Unknown parameter|displayauthors=
ignored (|display-authors=
suggested) (help) - ↑ Ground levels and ionization energies for the neutral atoms, NIST
- ↑ Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
- ↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.
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References
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