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COVID-19 pandemic

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The COVID-19 pandemic, also called the coronavirus pandemic, is a world-wide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).[7][8][a]

COVID‑19 pandemic
COVID-19 Outbreak World Map per Capita.svg
Confirmed cases per 100,000 population
as of
  •   >10%
  •   3–10%
  •   1–3%
  •   0.3–1%
  •   0.1–0.3%
  •   0.03–0.1%
  •   0–0.3%
  •   None or no data
Cases per country
COVID-19 Outbreak World Map.svg
Total confirmed cases per country
as of
  •   10,000,000+
  •   1,000,000–9,999,999
  •   100,000–999,999
  •   10,000–99,999
  •   1,000–9,999
  •   100–999
  •   1–99
  •   None or no data
Deaths per capita
COVID-19 Outbreak World Map Total Deaths per Capita.svg
Confirmed deaths per 100 population date shown on map
  •   100+
  •   10–100
  •   1–10
  •   0.1–1
  •   0–0.1
  •   None or no data
A nurse caring for a patient with COVID‑19 in an intensive care unit
Taiwanese 33rd Chemical Corps spraying disinfectant on a street in Taipei, Taiwan
Burial in Hamadan, Iran
Workers unloading boxes of medical supplies at Villamor Air Base
Clockwise, starting from top:
  • A nurse caring for a COVID‑19 patient in an intensive care unit aboard a U.S. hospital ship
  • Disinfection vehicles in Taiwan
  • Donated medical supplies being received in the Philippines
  • Burial in Iran
  • The Italian government's outbreak task force
DiseaseCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19)
SourceProbably bats, possibly via pangolins[1][2]
LocationWorldwide
First outbreakWuhan, Hubei, China[3]
Index caseXiaogan, Hubei, China
30°37′11″N 114°15′28″E / 30.61972°N 114.25778°E / 30.61972; 114.25778
Date17 November 2019 (2019-11-17)–5 May 2023[3][4]
Confirmed cases29,868,230[5][6]
Deaths
940,716[5][6]

The disease was first found in Wuhan, Hubei, China, in December 2019. On 31 December, Chinese health authorities told the World Health Organization (WHO)about a group of viral pneumonia cases of unknown cause,[9][10] and an investigation was launched in early January 2020.[11] The virus is believed to have come from an animal source, possibly a bat, and it is thought to have been transmitted to humans at a live meat market in Wuhan where live animals were being sold. The virus quickly spread to other parts of the world by airplanes and ships, because of its highly infectious nature and ease of transmission. The World Health Organization (WHO) called it a pandemic (global disease) on 11 March 2020.[12]The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses gave the virus its name. As of 17 September 2020[5], about 29,800,000[5] cases of COVID-19 have been reported, and about 940,000[5] people have died of COVID-19.[6]

The virus mostly spreads when people are close to each other, which is why social distancing is used.[13] Common symptoms include fever, cough, and trouble breathing.[14] The illness can worsen with pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome.[15] As of January 2021, a number of vaccines for COVID-19 have been developed, but only a few have been found safe to use. The first vaccine to be approved was created by Pfizer and BioNTech,[16] followed by the Oxford / AstraZeneca [17] vaccine. Vaccine distribution was started in many countries in Europe, North America, South America and Asia.[18] The United Kingdom was the first western country to begin to give out a COVID-19 vaccine. [19] The vaccine was given out to all people in the country for free. No antiviral medicine for COVID-19 is available.[20] Doctors usually give patients supportive therapy instead such as giving fluids, food, oxygen, pain relief and other treatments designed to help patients deal with the symptoms.[21] People can avoid spreading the virus by regularly washing their hands, covering their mouth when coughing, maintaining distance from other people, staying away from crowds, wearing medical or cloth face coverings, and being alone for people who think they are infected, also known as quarantining.[20]

The outbreak might be from a coronavirus that usually lives in bats. This then likely infected another animal, possibly a pangolin. It then changed inside that other animal until it could infect humans.[22] It possibly originated at a wet market (a live food animal market), Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market.[23] A 55-year-old person from Hubei province was the first human to contract the virus on November 17, 2019.[24] A 61-year-old man who was a regular customer at the market was the first person to die from the virus on January 11, 2020.[25] The exact origin of the virus is still unknown since the market in Wuhan sold a variety of live wild animals in cages. Chinese tourists have spread the virus by traveling to other countries and made it a worldwide pandemic.[26]

Racism and xenophobia against Chinese people and Asians increased during the pandemic.

In November 2020, two companies, Pfizer and Moderna, said they had finished making COVID-19 vaccines. Two mRNA vaccines, one by Pfizer and one by Moderna, have been tested. Both were over 90% effective.[27] Countries began planning to give the vaccine to many people.[28][29][30] 25 other vaccines have been approved by at least one country, and many others are being developed.

The United States has had the most deaths from the virus. Over 1 million Americans have died from the virus.[6]

In March 2020, the companies belonging to Sistema allocated about 1 billion rubles for the fight against coronavirus, the bulk of which was spent on the development of tests to detect infection, as well as on the production of protective equipment and antiseptics.[31][32]

In May 2023 the WHO announced the end of the pandemic.

Video summary (script) on the coronavirus disease (4:12 min)

Epidemiology

Background

On 31 December 2019, Chinese health authorities reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) a cluster of viral pneumonia cases of unknown cause in Wuhan,[9][10] and an investigation was launched in early January 2020.[11]

On 9 June 2020, a Harvard University study suggested that COVID-19 may have been spreading in China as early as August 2019, based on hospital car park usage and web search trends.[33]

Cases

Cases means the number of people who have been tested for COVID-19 and have tested positive.[34] These cases are according to Johns Hopkins University.

Deaths

Further information: List of deaths due to COVID-19
 
Deceased in a 16 m (53 ft) "mobile morgue" outside a hospital in Hackensack, New Jersey in April 2020

Almost all people who get COVID-19 recover. For those who do not, the time between the start of symptoms and death usually ranges from 6 to 41 days, but most of the time about 14 days.[35] This data are recorded by the WHO.

Signs & Symptoms

Further information: Coronavirus disease 2019 § Signs and symptoms
 
Symptoms of COVID-19. There are reports that even people who do not show symptoms can spread it.[36]

According to the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, COVID-19 makes people feel sick in different ways, but it usually affects the lungs. People usually cough and have difficulty breathing. They often also have a fever, chills, headache, pain in their muscles, or trouble tasting or smelling things,[37] which can often be confused with the flu virus.[38]

According to an April 2020 study by the American Gastroenterological Association, COVID-19 can make sick people vomit or have diarrhea, but this is rare. They said about 7.7% of COVID-19 patients vomited, about 7.8% had diarrhea and about 3.6% had pain in their stomachs.[39]

Treatment

Since there is no exact cure for Covid-19, treatment has focused on treating the symptoms of the disease such as giving oxygen and using machines to aid breathing, giving pain killers to relieve pain, supportive treatment such as giving fluids, food and drugs to combat other symptoms and diseases that affect the person at the same time. Doctors have tried different medicines to see if they help in treatment such as colchicine, systemic corticosteroids (particularly dexamethasone), interleukin-6 receptor antagonists (such as tocilizumab), and Janus kinase inhibitors (such as baricitinib) have been seen to reduce mortality and have other benefits in patients with severe covid-19, such as reducing the severity of the disease and reducing the length of hospital stay.

Data

  • Map of the COVID-19 outbreak
         100,000+ confirmed cases     10,000–99,999 confirmed cases     1,000–9,999 confirmed cases     100–999 confirmed cases     10–99 confirmed cases     1–9 confirmed cases     No confirmed cases, no population, or no data available
[show all]
[collapse]
COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory
Location[b] Cases[c] Deaths[d] Recov.[e] Ref.
 
 World[f]

29,868,230

940,716

No data

[5]

  United States[g] 33,378,322 598,910 No data [47]
  India [48]
  Brazil 16,342,162 456,753 14,786,292 [49] [50]
  France[h] 5,621,696 109,052 No data [51][52]
  Turkey[i] 5,228,322 47,134 5,083,099 [56]
  Russia[j] 5,044,459 120,406 4,661,234 [57]
  United Kingdom[k] 4,477,705 127,768 No data [59]
  Italy 4,205,970 125,793 3,826,984 [60]
  Spain[l] 3,663,176 79,888 No data [61]
  Argentina[m] 3,663,152 76,135 3,219,411 [63]
  Germany[n] 3,653,019 87,960 3,387,297 [65][64]
  Colombia 3,319,193 86,693 3,101,390 [66]
  Iran 2,875,858 79,384 2,396,540 [67]
  Poland 2,870,595 73,557 2,634,711 [68]
  Mexico 2,405,772 222,661 1,921,510 [69]
  Ukraine[o] 2,196,673 50,232 2,020,216 [70][71]
  Peru 1,942,054 68,816 1,892,754 [72][73]
  Indonesia Script error: The function "references" does not exist.
  Czech Republic 1,660,481 30,088 1,615,008 [74]
  South Africa 1,640,932 55,976 1,543,951 [75][76]
  Netherlands[p] 1,637,466 17,592 No data [78][79]
  Canada[q] 1,371,073 25,411 1,303,558 [82]
  Chile[r] 1,361,381 28,928 1,287,804 [86]
  Philippines 1,209,154 20,566 1,134,818 [87][88]
  Iraq 1,186,309 16,289 1,098,199 [89]
  Romania 1,077,161 30,174 1,037,729 [90]
  Sweden 1,068,473 14,451 No data [91]
  Belgium[s] 1,055,543 24,902 No data [93][94]
  Pakistan 913,784 20,607 834,566 [95]
  Portugal 847,604 17,023 808,047 [96][97]
  Israel[t] 839,392 6,406 832,455 [98]
  Hungary 803,567 29,682 689,166 [99]
  Bangladesh 794,985 12,480 735,157 [100][101]
  Jordan 734,039 9,423 713,331 [102]
  Japan[u] 733,887 12,714 659,732 [103]
  Serbia[v] 711,772 6,834 No data [104]
  Switzerland[w] 693,023 10,253 317,600 [105][106]
  Austria 643,709 10,588 626,815 [107]
  United Arab Emirates 565,451 1,668 545,229 [108]
  Malaysia 549,514 2,552 474,139 [109]
  Nepal 549,111 7,047 428,670 [110]
  Lebanon 539,590 7,705 515,058 [111]
  Morocco[x] 518,122 9,134 506,208 [112]
  Saudi Arabia 445,963 7,309 428,502 [113]
  Ecuador 423,165 20,408 366,425 [114][115]
  Bulgaria 417,819 17,637 379,156 [116][117]
  Greece 398,898 11,995 363,915 [118]
  Belarus 391,637 2,821 382,167 [119]
  Slovakia 389,440 12,333 No data [120]
  Kazakhstan 381,907 3,903 348,428 [121][122]
  Panama 376,237 6,361 363,818 [123]
  Bolivia 361,580 14,312 288,106 [124]
  Croatia 355,617 7,992 344,899 [125]
  Paraguay 345,357 8,800 283,787 [126]
  Georgia[y] 341,894 4,727 324,426 [127]
  Tunisia 340,250 12,451 299,331 [128]
  Azerbaijan[z] 333,559 4,896 323,198 [129]
  Costa Rica 311,922 3,929 239,917 [130]
  Palestine 307,569 3,489 300,125 [131]
  Kuwait 305,583 1,760 290,377 [132]
  Dominican Republic 288,034 3,620 238,499 [133]
  Uruguay 280,372 4,066 239,309 [134][135]
  Denmark[aa] 278,396 2,512 262,748 [136][137]
  Lithuania 273,346 4,235 252,582 [138][139]
  Ethiopia 270,527 4,137 234,426 [140]
  Ireland 260,299 4,941 No data [141]
  Egypt[ab] 258,407 14,904 189,476 [142]
  Moldova[ac] 254,985 6,093 247,135 [143]
  Slovenia 252,848 4,366 No data [144][145]
  Guatemala 251,336 8,070 230,882 [146]
23x15px Honduras 235,599 6,259 84,223 [147][148]
  Bahrain 229,468 902 201,683 [149]
  Venezuela 228,828 2,576 211,288 [150]
  Armenia 222,513 4,423 212,566 [151]
  Qatar 216,885 552 212,379 [152]
  Oman 213,784 2,303 197,080 [153]
  Bosnia and Herzegovina 203,839 9,211 174,236 [154]
  Libya 184,472 3,115 171,006 [155]
  Sri Lanka 177,711 1,363 146,362 [156][157]
  Kenya 170,041 3,124 116,018 [158]
  Nigeria 166,191 2,071 156,535 [159]
  North Macedonia 155,169 5,369 147,301 [160]
  Thailand 144,976 954 97,872 [161][162]
  Myanmar 143,486 3,216 132,279 [163]
  South Korea 138,898 1,946 128,761 [164][165]
  Cuba[ad] 137,730 921 130,198 [166][167]
  Albania 132,264 2,447 129,042 [168][169]
  Latvia 132,258 2,355 123,466 [170][171]
  Estonia 129,297 1,247 122,542 [172][173]
  Algeria 127,926 3,448 89,040 [174]
  Norway[ae] 124,211 783 88,952 [177]
  Puerto Rico 121,775 2,495 No data [178][179]
  Kosovo 107,336 2,242 102,107 [180]
  Kyrgyzstan 103,866 1,788 97,542 [181]
  Uzbekistan 99,580 687 95,250 [182]
  Montenegro 99,518 1,580 97,010 [183]
  Zambia 94,430 1,275 91,443 [184]
  Ghana 93,775 784 91,853 [185]
  Finland[af] 92,244 948 31,000 [188][189]
  China[ag] 91,045 4,636 86,093 [190]
  Cameroon 77,982 1,270 57,008 [191][192]
  El Salvador 72,821 2,237 68,018 [193]
  Cyprus[ah] 72,159 357 No data [194]
  Mozambique 70,697 835 69,232 [195]
  Afghanistan 70,107 2,899 57,119 [196]
  Luxembourg 69,830 814 67,993 [197]
  Singapore 61,940 32 61,372 [198]
  Maldives 59,644 149 34,218 [199]
  Mongolia 55,852 263 48,749 [200]
  Namibia 53,903 795 49,670 [201]
  Botswana[ai] 52,865 809 49,641 [203]
  Jamaica 47,899 912 23,852 [204][205]
  Ivory Coast 47,146 301 46,544 [206][207]
  Uganda 45,231 361 43,401 [208][209]
  Senegal 41,296 1,138 39,932 [210]
  Madagascar 41,061 817 39,101 [211][212]
  Zimbabwe 38,854 1,592 36,541 [213]
  Donetsk PR[aj] 38,469 2,882 31,205 [214]
  Sudan 35,289 2,600 27,949 [215]
  Malawi 34,323 1,154 32,598 [216]
  Angola 33,607 745 27,529 [217]
  DR Congo[ak] 31,386 782 27,654 [218][219]
  Malta 30,526 419 30,041 [220]
  Australia[al] 30,073 910 No data [221]
  Cape Verde 29,939 259 27,914 [222]
  Cambodia 28,237 196 20,900 [223][224]
  Rwanda 26,843 351 25,453 [225][226]
  Syria[am] 24,315 1,750 21,577 [227]
  Gabon 24,252 150 21,472 [228]
  Guinea 23,110 161 20,840 [229]
  Trinidad and Tobago 21,987 440 12,624 [230][231]
  Mauritania 19,344 462 18,377 [232][233]
  French Polynesia 18,859 142 18,658 [234]
  Eswatini 18,582 672 17,854 [235]
  Guyana 16,654 376 14,223 [236]
  Papua New Guinea 15,415 162 14,343 [237]
  Abkhazia[an] 15,292 230 14,589 [238]
  Somalia[ao] 14,594 758 6,385 [239]
  Mali 14,259 514 9,523 [240]
  Haiti 14,128 302 12,511 [241]
  Suriname 14,012 275 11,222 [242]
  Tajikistan 13,714 91 13,218 [243][244]
  Andorra 13,693 127 13,416 [245]
  Burkina Faso 13,421 166 13,243 [246][247]
  Togo 13,420 125 12,572 [248]
  Belize 12,789 323 12,376 [249]
  Curaçao 12,271 122 12,116 [250]
  Hong Kong 11,837 210 11,561 [251]
  Congo[ap] 11,658 153 8,208 [252][253]
  Bahamas[aq] 11,622 226 10,503 [254]
  Djibouti 11,534 153 11,354 [255]
  Seychelles 11,145 40 9,936 [256][257]
  Aruba 10,957 107 10,780 [258]
  Lesotho 10,825 326 6,434 [259]
  South Sudan 10,688 115 10,514 [260]
  Equatorial Guinea 8,476 113 7,948 [261]
  Guam[ar] 8,154 139 7,961 [47][262]
  Benin 8,025 101 7,893 [263]
  Taiwan[as] 7,315 78 1,133 [265]
  Nicaragua 7,193 185 No data [266]
  Northern Cyprus[at] 7,139 33 6,825 [267]
  Central African Republic 7,085 98 5,112 [268][269]
  Yemen 6,723 1,316 3,375 [270]
  East Timor 6,622 15 3,915 [271][272]
  Iceland 6,576 30 6,505 [273]
  Vietnam 6,396 47 2,853 [274]
  The Gambia 5,990 178 5,767 [275]
  Niger 5,406 192 5,071 [276][277]
  San Marino 5,089 90 4,995 [278]
  Saint Lucia 5,002 77 4,753 [279]
  Chad 4,926 173 4,742 [280][281]
  Luhansk PR[aj] 4,698 435 4,097 [282]
  Burundi 4,650 6 773 [283]
  Gibraltar 4,293 94 4,192 [284]
  Sierra Leone 4,133 79 3,128 [285]
  Eritrea 4,010 14 3,811 [286]
  Barbados 4,006 47 3,922 [287]
  Somaliland[au] 3,946 247 2,781 [288][289]
  Comoros 3,879 146 3,717 [290]
  Guinea-Bissau 3,751 68 3,493 [291][292]
  U.S. Virgin Islands 3,383 27 3,266 [293][294]
  South Ossetia[av] 3,339 60+ 3,198 [295]
  Jersey 3,243 69 3,177 [296]
  Liechtenstein 3,006 58 2,929 [297]
  Artsakh[aw] 2,749 31 337 [298]
  Monaco 2,503 32 2,461 [299]
  Bermuda 2,491 32 2,428 [300]
  Turks and Caicos Islands 2,411 17 2,380 [301]
  Sint Maarten 2,404 28 2,295 [302]
  São Tomé and Príncipe 2,338 37 2,284 [303]
  New Zealand 2,314 26 2,265 [304][305]
  Liberia 2,174 86 2,033 [306]
  Saint Vincent and The Grenadines 2,006 12 1,831 [307]
  Laos 1,905 3 1,355 [308]
  Isle of Man[ax] 1,592 29 1,561 [310]
  Bonaire 1,585 17 1,549 [311]
  Bhutan 1,491 1 1,186 [312]
  Mauritius 1,356 17 1,181 [313]
  Antigua and Barbuda 1,258 42 1,206 [314]
  USS Theodore Roosevelt[ar] 1,102 1 751 [315][316]
  Charles de Gaulle[ay] 1,081 0 0 [317]
  Guernsey 822 14 808 [321]
  Sahrawi Arab DR[az] 732 42 649 [322]
  Diamond Princess[u] 712 14 698 [323][324]
  Faroe Islands 707 1 669 [325][326]
  Cayman Islands 581 2 564 [327]
  Wallis and Futuna 445 7 438 [328]
  Fiji 360 4 161 [329]
  British Virgin Islands 284 1 282 [330][331]
  Brunei 240 3 228 [332][333]
  Dominica 188 0 172 [334]
  Northern Mariana Islands 183 2 32 [335][336]
  Grenada 160 1 158 [337]
  Costa Atlantica 148 0 148 [338][339]
  Greg Mortimer 128 1 No data [340][341]
  New Caledonia 127 0 30 [342]
  Anguilla 109 0 109 [343]
  Saint Kitts and Nevis 64 0 45 [344][345]
  Falkland Islands 63 0 63 [346]
  Antarctica 58 0 0 [347]
  Macau 51 0 49 [348]
  Greenland 37 0 33 [349][350]
  Vatican City 29 0 27 [351][352]
  Saint Pierre and Miquelon 25 0 25 [353][354]
  Montserrat 20 1 18 [355]
  Sint Eustatius 20 0 20 [356]
  Solomon Islands 20 0 18 [357][358]
  MS Zaandam[ba] 13 4 No data [361][362]
  Coral Princess[bb] 12 3 No data [364]
  SeaDream I[bc] 9 0 No data [365][366]
  HNLMS Dolfijn[bd] 8 0 8 [367][370]
  Saba 7 0 7 [371]
  Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha 7 0 7 [372][373]
  British Indian Ocean Territory 5 0 2 [374][375]
  Marshall Islands 4 0 4 [376][377]
  American Samoa 4 0 3 [378]
  Samoa 4 0 2 [379][380]
  Vanuatu 3 0 3 [381][382]
  Kiribati 2 0 0 [383][384]
  Federated States of Micronesia 1 0 1 [385]
  Tanzania[be] No data No data No data [387][388]
As of 17 April 2024 (UTC) · History of cases · History of deaths
For notes, see the Notes section.

Name

In February 2020, the WHO announced a name for the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2: COVID-19. It replaced the name "2019-nCoV."[389] "Covi" is for "coronavirus," "D" for "disease," and "19" for the year 2019 – the year it was first detected. They said they did not want the name to have any person, place, or animal in it because people might blame the disease on that place, person, or animal. For example, it did not use the word "Wuhan." They also wanted the name to be easy to say out loud.[390]

Mortality rate of COVID-19

 
The current death rate of COVID-19

According to an article in Market Watch dated on February 27, 2020, the overall case mortality rate in China was 2.3%. However, these results might be severely different between different age groups and between men and women. People over the age of 70 experienced a rate of mortality 4-5 times that of the average. Men were more likely to die than women (2.8% versus 1.7% for women) possibly due to lifestyle, such as it being more possible in men to drink and smoke, making the risk of having a respiratory illness more possible, and thus more vulnerable.[391] These numbers were the conclusion of a study by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention using 72,314 COVID-19 cases in mainland China as of Feb. 11. At that point this was the largest sample of cases for such a study.[392]

On March 5, 2020, the WHO released the case fatality rate.[393]

Race and racism

COVID-19 did not affect everyone in each country the same way.[394] As of May 2020, APM Research Lab said the death rate among black Americans was 2.4 times as high as for white Americans and 2.2 times as high as for Latino and Asian Americans.[395] In July 2020, The New York Times printed data from the Centers for Disease Control showing that black and Latino Americans were three times as likely to become sick and twice as likely to die as white Americans. This was not only in large cities but also in rural areas. This was not only for old people but for people in all age groups. Native Americans were also more likely than whites to become sick and die. Asian Americans were 1.3 times as likely as whites to become sick.[396]

Camara Jones, an epidemiologist who once worked for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said this was socioeconomic and not because of any natural difference in black and white people's bodies.[397] In the United States, black citizens are more likely to work jobs where they serve the public directly and to ride on public transport rather than take their own cars to work. This makes them more likely to be infected than people who work in private offices or from home. Sharrelle Barber, an epidemiologist and biostatistician from Drexel University, also said black Americans can live in crowded neighborhoods where social distancing is harder to do and healthy food harder to find.[398] Both Barber and Jones blamed the long history of racism in the United States for these things. Three senators, Kamala Harris, Cory Booker and Elizabeth Warren said the federal government should start recording the race of COVID-19 patients so scientists could study this problem.[398]

In June, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) told the public that people using the United States' government's Medicare health program had different results depending on race. Four times as many black Medicare patients went to hospitals for COVID-19 than white Medicare patients. There were twice as many hospitalized Hispanic patients than white patients. There were three hospitalized Asian patients for every two hospitalized white patients. The head of CMS, Seema Verma, said this was mostly because of socioeconomic status.[399]

In the United Kingdom, twice as many black COVID-19 patients died as white COVID-19 patients. Other non-white people, like people from India and Bangladesh, were also more likely to die of COVID-19 than whites. Britain's Office of National Statistics said that the differences in money and education explained some of this difference but not all of it. They also said they did not know whether non-white patients caught COVID-19 more often or whether they caught more severe cases. Only female Chinese Britons were less likely to die of COVID-19 than white Britons.[400]

Indigenous peoples

Native Americans in the United States have shown more deaths from COVID-19 than the rest of the U.S.[401] As of May, the Navajo Nation had 88 deaths and 2,757 cases, and the money they had been promised by the government arrived several weeks late. Only 30% of the people in the Navajo Nation have pipes with running water, which made it difficult for people to wash their hands.[402]

Scientists from Chapman University made a plan to protect the Tsimane people in Bolivia from COVID-19 and said this plan would also work for other indigenous peoples living on their own land. The scientists said that many indigenous peoples have problems that make COVID-19 more dangerous for them, like poverty, less clean water, and other lung diseases. Hospitals may be a long distance away, and racism can affect the way doctors and nurses react. But they also sometimes have things that help, like traditions of making decisions together and the ability to grow food nearby.[401] The scientists found people who spoke the Tsimane language as a first language and made teams to go to Tsimane towns to warn them about COVID-19. They also used radio stations. They said the best plan was for whole communities to decide to isolate. They found this worked well because the Tsimane already usually made their big decisions together as a community in special meetings and already had a tradition of quarantining new mothers. The Chapman scientists said their plan would also work for other indigenous peoples who also make decisions together, like the Tsimane. [401][403] The Waswanipi Cree in Canada, the Mapoon people in Australia, and many groups in South America already tried plans like these on their own.[401][404]

George Floyd protests

Further information: George Floyd protests

In May 2020, police officers in Minneapolis, Minnesota killed an unarmed black man called George Floyd while they were arresting him. There were weeks of protests all over the world against police brutality and racism. Experts said they were worried protesters and police could spread SARS-CoV-2 to each other. Other experts said some of the reasons that the protests were so big was because non-white people were being killed by COVID-19 more than white people were, because poor leadership in the COVID-19 crisis reminded them of poor leadership about racism, and because the lockdowns shut down workplaces and other things. This meant people had more time to protest.[404][405][406][407]

African Americans

African Americans are more likely to catch the virus compared to their white counterparts in the United States,[408] and are also more likely to die from it.[409][410] 50,000 African Americans died of COVID-19 in 2020.[411] African Americans are the least likely to get vaccinated against the disease.[412]

Hispanics

Latinos have been at a higher risk of hospitalization or death from COVID-19 in the United States.[413] There are many reasons why Latinos have a higher risk of getting very sick or going to the hospital because of COVID-19. One reason is that they often have health problems like diabetes, obesity, and heart disease. They are also more likely to have jobs where they have to be around other people, like in healthcare, grocery stores, and farming. Many Latinos live in crowded places with many people, like big families or busy neighborhoods. This makes it hard to stay far away from others and can make the virus spread more easily. Some Latinos might not speak English well, which can make it hard to get healthcare or understand how to stay healthy. Finally, many Latinos don't have health insurance or don't have enough of it. All of these things are connected and can make it more likely for Latinos to get very sick from COVID-19.

Conspiracy theories

Main page: Misinformation related to the COVID-19 pandemic

In early 2020, some people began to think that the SARS-CoV-2 may have been made on purpose in a laboratory and either released by accident or on purpose like a weapon. Some Iranians thought the Americans might have made it.[414] Chinese state media said COVID-19 came from the United States to China and not the other way around.[415] Some Americans thought the Chinese might have made it.[416] Some Britons thought it might have been created by accident by 5G cell phone networks.[417]

On March 17, 2020, scientists from Columbia University and other places published a paper in Nature Medicine showing that SARS-CoV-2 was almost surely not made by humans in a laboratory. They did this by comparing the genomes of different viruses to each other.[22] The scientists saw that SARS-CoV-2 did not match any of the viral backbones that already exist for virologists to use.[418] Within a few weeks, it became one of the most cited scientific papers in history, meaning that other scientists were reading and using it.

There were also several conspiracy theories circulating about Bill Gates and his alleged involvement with the COVID-19 pandemic. Theories wrongfully linking Gates to the coronavirus were mentioned 1.2 million times on television or social media between February and April of 2020.[419] One of the most prominent ones was that Bill Gates somehow created or engineered the virus as part of a plan to depopulate the world. There is no evidence to support this claim, and it has been debunked by numerous experts in the field and fact checking organizations including the the National Institutes of Health[420] and Reuters.[421] Some conspiracy theorists allege that Bill Gates is using the pandemic to profit from the development and distribution of vaccines and other medical treatments. While Gates has been heavily involved in funding research on vaccines and treatments for COVID-19, he has not personally profited from this work. In fact, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation has donated over $2 billion to COVID-19 efforts since the start of the pandemic.[422][423]

One of the impacts of these conspiracy theories is that they have generated fear and suspicion towards COVID-19 vaccines.[424] Bill Gates commented on the impact of these theories, saying: "During the pandemic, there were tens of millions of messages that I intentionally caused it, or I'm tracking people. It's true I'm involved with vaccines, but I'm involved with vaccines to save lives."[425]

Graphs

  • Case fatality rates by age group in China. Data through 11 February 2020.[426]

  • Epidemic curve of daily new cases of COVID-19 (7 day rolling average) by continent

  • Semi-log plot of weekly new cases of COVID-19 in the world and top five current countries (mean with deaths)

  • COVID-19 total cases per 100,000 population from selected countries[427]

  • COVID-19 active cases per 100,000 population from selected countries[427]

  • COVID-19 deaths per 100,000 population from selected countries[427]

Timelines of COVID-19

 
Map of national and subnational lockdowns on 29 November 2020      Current national lockdown     Current subnational lockdown     Former national lockdown     Former subnational lockdown     No lockdown or no data

On December 31, 2019, China alerted WHO to several cases of unusual pneumonia in Wuhan, Hubei province.[428]

On January 20, 2020, Chinese premier Li Keqiang called for efforts to stop and control the pneumonia epidemic caused by a novel coronavirus.[429] As of February 5, 2020, 24,588 cases have been confirmed,[430][431] including in every province-level division of China.[430] A larger number of people may have been infected, but not detected (especially mild cases).[432][433] The first local transmission of the virus outside China occurred in Vietnam between family members,[434] while the first local transmission not involving family occurred in Germany, on January 22, when a German man contracted the disease from a Chinese business visitor at a meeting.[435] As of 5 February  2020 (2020 -02-05), 493 deaths have been attributed to the virus since the first confirmed death on January 9, with 990 recoveries.[430][436] The first death outside China was reported in the Philippines, in a 44-year-old Chinese male on February 1.[437] but another source reported: "The first cases of COVID-19 outside of China were identified on January 13 in Thailand and on January 16 in Japan".[438]

There has been testing which have showed over 6000 confirmed cases in China,[439] some of whom are healthcare workers.[440][441]

Confirmed cases have also been reported in Thailand, South Korea, Japan, Taiwan, Macau, Hong Kong, the United States (Everett, Washington and Chicago),[441] Singapore,[442] Vietnam,[443] France[444] and Nepal.[445]

The World Health Organization declared that this is a Public Health Emergency of International Concern since January 30, 2020.

Bloomberg News and other business publications have reported several plant closures, travel restrictions, and imposed quarantines as a result of this outbreak.[446] Many small businesses, even big ones, have gone bankrupt because of the pandemic.

As of February 10, 2020 there have been 40,235 confirmed cases reported of people infected by the virus in China. Also reported were 909 deaths, and 319 cases in 24 other countries, including one death, according to WHO chief Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus.[447]

On November 14, 2020, there were 53,853,718 global COVID-19 cases and 1,311,524 deaths with cases in 217 countries and territories.[448]

China

  • The first cases of COVID-19 were detected in Wuhan, Hubei, Mainland China in December 2019.[449]
  • On Feb. 4, 2020, the Seattle Times reported that Around 2020 Chinese new year authorities closed down travel from China to Macau. As a result, visits fell eighty percent.[450]
  • Feb 6, 2020, the COVID-19 whistleblower, Li Wenliang, dies of the disease.
  • On February 6, 2020, according to Chinese authorities, a man from the United States who tested positive for the virus died.[451]
  • On February 25, 2020 the Asian Scientist Magazine reported Chinese Scientists Sequence Genome Of COVID-19 [452]
  • According to the European Centre for Disease Prevention, China had the largest number of confirmed cases and deaths on March 1, 2020.[453]
  • On March 3, 2020 Science (journal) reported:
    • China built two new hospitals in one week just for patients of COVID-19
    • The article praised the way China has handled this crisis, but said "draconian" measures were used to achieve success.[454]
  • On March 6, 2020, CNN reported that a hotel used as a COVID-19 quarantine center collapsed. Seventy people were trapped in a collapsed Quanzhou hotel.[455]
  • The Chinese economy was greatly affected by the virus, and many factories shut down during the spike of cases in China during the early months of the pandemic.[456]
  • As of October 30, 2020, the number of cases of the virus in China were generally going down, with only 771 new cases being reported in the month of October.[457]

United States

  • The first case of COVID-19 in the United States was detected in a man from the state of Washington on January 21, 2020.[458]
  • On February 27, 2020, US President Donald Trump appointed Vice President Mike Pence to lead the US response to COVID-19.[459]
  • On February 29, 2020, the first death in the US was reported from the state of Washington.[460]
  • On March 3, 2020 CBS reported 15 states with confirmed cases.[461]
  • Movements such as elbow bumps began replacing handshakes , as handshakes spread the virus and bacteria more.[462]
  • On March 6, 2020, the CDC announced that one million test kits would be distributed.[463][464]
  • On March 9, 2020, the US stock market was approaching bear territory.[465]
  • On March 9, 2020, there were also scattered reports that some were quarantined while their household members were not.[466]
  • On March 10, 2020, the United States Secretary of Health and Human Services, Alex Azar, said that it is was not known how many Americans tested positive for the virus. This was because many of the test kits went out to private companies.[467]
  • On March 10, 2020, the governor of New York, Andrew Cuomo, announced that the city of New Rochelle was the largest cluster of COVID-19 cases in the state. Among other things done to contain the virus in New Rochelle, the National Guard was sent to the city to hand out food and disinfect buildings.[468]
  • On March 26, the United States surpass Italy and China's cases, becoming the epicenter for a while.[469]
  • On April 3, 2020, the CDC first recommended the use of cloth face coverings by the general public to reduce the spread of the virus in places such as grocery stores and pharmacies.[470]
  • On April 11, the U.S. became the most death in the world.[471]
  • On July 22, 2020, the United States surpassed 1,000 daily COVID-19 deaths for a second time.[472]
  • On September 22, 2020, the United States reached 200,000 deaths from the virus.[473]
  • Between September to October, there was a COVID-19 outbreak at the White House, causing many officials to be diagnosed with the infection, including President Donald Trump and First Lady Melania Trump.[474]
  • In December 2020, California surpassed over 30,000 new cases in a day.[475]
  • On December 11, 2020, the Food and Drug Administration said doctors could give people the Pfizer vaccine.[28][30]
  • On December 14, 2020, the State of New York gave people the first vaccines, starting with health care workers.[28][30]
  • On December 26, 2020, California had a record breaking 65,055 new cases in a day after Christmas.[476]
  • California became the first state to surpass 2 million cases in December 2020.[477]

Economic effects of COVID-19 in the United States

Italy

  • On February 27, 2020, according to the EU Observer, a dozen towns in the northern regions of Lombardy and Veneto were under lockdown, with around 50,000 citizens not allowed to leave, and over 200 reported cases of COVID n Italy.[482]
  • On March 4, 2020, according to the Guardian , the Italian government has ordered the closing of all of Italy's schools and universities until 15 March, 2020[483]
  • On March 5, 2020 the Guardian reported: "Italian educational institutions close as Covid-19 deaths pass 100"[484]
  • On March 8, 2020, Al Jazeera reported that after a daily infection rate of 1,247 cases, Lombardy together with ten other areas were sealed off to try to quarantine 16 million people.[485] The cities of Milan and Venice were in the quarantined area.[486]
  • On March 10, 2020, it was reported that Italy was under quarantine.[487][488]
  • On October 5, 2020, Italy imposed a new lockdown and set of restrictions after previously relaxing them. This was due to a second wave of cases that was even worse than the one in spring.[489]

Iran

  • On 28 February 2020, the BBC reported COVID-19 deaths in Iran were at least 210.[490]
  • March 3, 2020 multiple Iranian government officials including deputy health minister Iraj Harirchi and vice president of women and family affairs Masoumeh Ebtekar, who served as a spokesperson during the Iran hostage crisis, had contracted COVID-19.[491][492]

Canada

  • The first case of COVID-19 in Canada was detected in a man from Toronto on January 25, 2020.[493]
  • On March 12, 2020, Sophie Grégoire Trudeau, the wife of Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, tested positive for coronavirus. The Prime Minister and his wife isolated for 14 days.[494]
  • On April 6, 2020, Canada’s Chief Public Health Officer, Theresa Tam, said that people should use simple cloth facemasks to help slow the spread of the virus.[495]
  • On May 1, 2020, Canada surpassed 200 daily coronavirus deaths.[496]
  • On November 12, 2020, Canada surpassed 5,000 daily COVID-19 cases.[496]
  • On December 26, 2020, Canada confirmed first two cases of mutant coronavirus strain from England.[497]

South Africa

 
  • The new coronavirus strain, called the 501.V2 Variant, was first discovered in South African province Eastern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal and Western Cape. It spreads more rapidly.[498]

Australia

New Zealand

  • The first case of COVID-19 in New Zealand was detected in late February 2020 in a person in their 60s.[500]
  • On March 24, 2020, New Zealand reported over 100 daily coronavirus cases for the first time.[501]
  • From April to November 2020, New Zealand reported between 0 and 50 daily cases.[501]
  • Between August 25, 2021 and August 31, 2021, the whole of New Zealand had been temporarily increased to its maximum lockdown level, Level 4, due to the delta variant.[502] Most of the cases during August 2021 were originated from New South Wales.[503] As of September 6, 2021, all of New Zealand has dropped to Level 2, while Auckland remains at Level 4.[502]

Cruise ships

  • On the Diamond Princess cruise ship, out of 3,711 total passengers and crew members, 621 people, or 17% of all the people on board the ship tested positive for COVID-19. The ship ended its quarantine on February 18th.[504]

Africa

  • In late February 2020, Nigeria had it's first case in Sub-Saharan Africa which negatively affected Nigeria's economy, education, religion and social relationships.[505]
  • In November 2020, Africa surpassed 2 million cases.[506]

Food and hunger

The pandemic made it more difficult for millions of people all over the world to get enough food. People lost their jobs, so they did not have money to buy food. Farms were shut down, so there was less food made. Processing plants and food factories were shut down, so less food was made ready for people to eat.[507]

In April, Arif Husain of the United Nations' World Food Program said that 130 million more people could go hungry, in addition to the 135 million who were already hungry before the pandemic began. He said that poorer countries would be more affected than rich countries because the way they move raw food from farms to cities and other places where people live is less organized and relies more on human beings than on automatic systems.[507]

This hunger crisis is different from crises in other years because it happened to the whole world at the same time. That meant that people working in other countries could not help by sending money home.[507][508]

All over the world, children who ate meals at school had less access to food when the schools were shut down.[507]

Scientists from the University of Michigan said the pandemic was making it harder for people to find food. In a study published in May, they said one in seven Americans over age 50 said they had trouble getting enough food before the pandemic, and it got worse when senior centers that provided meals were closed.[509] Federal and state governments started programs to bring food to older people and children. There were also more food donation drives in towns.[508]

Elderly

In the United States, nursing homes had some of the highest rates of infection and death,

40% of all COVID-19 deaths in the country. Nursing homes are group homes for old people who need medical care, for disabled people who need medical care, and for people recovering from severe sickness or injury, like stroke patients.

Many people who live in nursing homes pay through the government program Medicaid, which pays less than Medicare or regular insurance companies. In June, many American nursing homes were caught throwing their regular patients out so they could make room for COVID-19 patients who could pay them more. Because nursing homes had stopped allowing visitors, it took longer for them to get caught. United States law requires nursing homes to warn patients 30 days before kicking them out, but the nursing homes did not do this.

Some of the nursing homes took the COVID-19 patients because state governments asked them to and they say they sent their elderly residents away because they were worried they would catch COVID-19 from the sick patients.[510]

Environment

Because so many governments told people to stay at home, there was less air pollution than usual for that time of year. Pollution in New York fell by 50% and the use of coal in China fell by 40%.[511] The European Space Agency showed pictures taken from a satellite of China's pollution disappearing during quarantine and coming back when everyone went back to work.[512]

The pandemic and shutdowns made people use less electricity. In the United States, people got less of their electricity from coal power but kept using gas and renewable power like wind and solar power. This was because coal plants are more expensive to run, so power companies used them less.[513]

Pollution from before the pandemic also affected what happened after people became sick. Scientists saw that more people died from COVID-19 in places with large amounts of air pollution. One team of scientists from Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg looked at air pollution information from satellites and statistics on COVID-19 deaths in Italy, France, Germany and Spain and saw that places with large amounts of nitrogen dioxide pollution had more people die from COVID-19. Nitrogen dioxide can damage the lungs.[514][515]

The shutdowns and social distancing also affected animals. Human beings started staying at home about the same time in the spring when sea turtles like to come on land to lay their eggs. Turtle scientists in the United States and Thailand both reported more nests than usual on seashores in Florida and Phuket. They say it is because people are not coming to the beach or bringing their dogs to the beach and because there are fewer boats in the water nearby. Scientists also say they see more dugong and dolphins.[516][517][518] With fewer cars driving down roads, salamanders, frogs, and other amphibians were able to cross them for their spring migration. According to citizen scientists from Big Night Maine, a group that watches amphibians, four amphibians made it across the roads alive for every one amphibian killed by cars. Most years, it is only two to one.[519]

Not all ocean mammals did well. According to marine biologists in Florida, manatee deaths in April and May were 20% higher than in 2019. They say this was because many people decided to go boating because other things to do were closed.[520]

Stopping the next pandemic

Researchers from the San Diego Zoo Global had the idea for a system that people could use to find dangerous germs before they become pandemics or even before they jump from other animals to humans. They said it was important to watch the wildlife trade, like in the Wuhan wet market. The scientists said that over the past eleven years it has gotten easier and easier to sequence viral genomes, and it does not have to be done by a large lab or by a government any more. The scientists said it would be better to spread the work out among more people.[521][522]

List of terminology associated with COVID-19

  • SARS-CoV-2 is the virus that causes COVID-19
  • 2019-nCoV is the old name for SARS-CoV-2
  • Coronavirus disease 2019 is the complete name for COVID-19
  • Community spread is the spread of the disease without a known travel connection
  • Clusters are groups of COVID-19 cases in which many people in the same area became infected with COVID-19

COVID-19 PandemicUnited States Media

  • Chinese medics in Huanggang, Hubei, in 2020

  • A colored Emoji from Streamline Emoji project

  • Gravediggers bury the body of a man suspected of having died of COVID-19 in the cemetery of Vila Alpina, east side of São Paulo, in April 2020.

  • Global excess and reported COVID-19 deaths and deaths per 100,000 according to the WHO study

  • World Health Organization video which describes how variants proliferate in unvaccinated areas

  • Symptoms of COVID-19

  • Illustration of SARS-CoV-2 virion

  • A nurse at McMurdo Station sets up the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing equipment, in September 2020.

References

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  516. ↑ Tricia Goss (April 29, 2020). Sea Turtles Are Thriving Now That Humans Are Stuck Inside. SimpleMost. https://www.simplemost.com/sea-turtles-thriving-while-humans-are-stuck-inside/?partner=buffer_SM&utm_campaign=buffer_SM&utm_medium=new&utm_source=facebookSM&fbclid=IwAR0SnRspCAU2iaws2nu3AmyOPf3iyeqIoWXH70EKKscpRsSl0DpTSN2pQYo. Retrieved April 30, 2020. 
  517. ↑ Kristen Chapman (April 14, 2020). Experts say coronavirus concerns could have positive impact on marine life. CBS. https://cbs12.com/news/local/experts-say-coronavirus-concerns-could-have-positive-impact-on-marine-life. Retrieved April 30, 2020. 
  518. ↑ Jack Guy; Carly Walsh (April 20, 2020). Sea turtles thriving in Thailand after beach closures. CNN. https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/thailand-sea-turtles-coronavirus-scli-intl-scn/index.html. Retrieved April 30, 2020. 
  519. ↑ Brandon Keim (May 18, 2020). "With the World on Pause, Salamanders Own the Road". New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/18/science/salamanders-amphibians-wildlife-migration.html?action=click&module=Top%20Stories&pgtype=Homepage. Retrieved May 18, 2020. 
  520. ↑ Cheryl Rodewig (June 29, 2020). Florida manatee deaths up 20 percent as Covid-19 threatens recovery. Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/jun/29/manatees-facing-increased-threats-during-the-pandemic. Retrieved June 29, 2020. 
  521. ↑ "Researchers call for worldwide biosurveillance network to protect from diseases". Press release. July 9, 2020. Archived from the original on July 11, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200711215225/https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-07/sdzg-rcf070920.php. Retrieved July 9, 2020. 
  522. ↑ Mrinalini Watsa (July 10, 2020). "Rigorous wildlife disease surveillance". Science. 369 (6500): 145–147. Bibcode:2020Sci...369..145W. doi:10.1126/science.abc0017. hdl:20.500.11820/e98ae7a8-9311-4499-bb1f-4e74b81efec9. PMID 32646989. S2CID 220428903. Archived from the original on July 11, 2020. Retrieved July 9, 2020.
  1. ↑ To summarize, this article is about the pandemic, which is caused by the disease COVID-19, which is caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2.
  2. ↑ Location: Countries, territories, and international conveyances where cases were diagnosed. The nationality of the infected and the origin of infection may vary. For some countries, cases are split into respective territories and noted accordingly.
  3. ↑ Cases: This number shows the cumulative number of confirmed human cases reported to date. The actual number of infections and cases is likely to be higher than reported.[40] Reporting criteria and testing capacity vary between locations.
  4. ↑ Deaths: Reporting criteria vary between locations.
  5. ↑ Recoveries: May not correspond to actual current figures and not all recoveries may be reported. Reporting criteria vary between locations and some countries do not report recoveries.
  6. ↑ The worldwide totals for cases, deaths and recoveries are taken from the Johns Hopkins University Coronavirus Resource Center. They are not sums of the figures for the listed countries and territories.
  7. ↑ United States
    1. Figures include cases identified on the Grand Princess.
    2. Figures do not include the unincorporated territories of Puerto Rico, U.S Virgin Islands, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, and American Samoa, all of which are listed separately.
    3. Not all states or overseas territories report recovery data.
    4. Cases include clinically diagnosed cases as per CDC guidelines.[41]
    5. Recoveries and deaths include probable deaths and people released from quarantine as per CDC guidelines.[42][43][44]
    6. Figures from the United States Department of Defense are only released on a branch-by branch basis since April 2020, without distinction between domestic and foreign deployment, and cases may be reported to local health authorities.[45]
    7. Cases for the USS Theodore Roosevelt, previously docked in Guam, were reported separate from national figures but included in the Navy's totals.
    8. There is also one case reported from Guantanamo Bay Naval Base not included in any other nation or territory's counts.[46] Since April 2020, the United States Department of Defense has directed all bases, including Guantanamo Bay, to not publish case statistics.[45]
  8. ↑ France
    1. Including overseas regions of French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte and Réunion, and collectivities of Saint Barthélemy and Saint Martin.
    2. Excluding collectivities of New Caledonia, French Polynesia, Saint Pierre and Miquelon and Wallis and Futuna.
    3. Recoveries only include hospitalized cases.[51]
    4. Figures for total confirmed cases and total deaths include data from both hospital and nursing home (ESMS: établissements sociaux et médico-sociaux).[51]
  9. ↑ Turkey
    1. From 29 July to 24 November 2020, the Ministry of Health did not publish the total number of positive cases. Instead, symptomatic coronavirus cases were shown as "patients".[53][54] The ministry began to report the daily numbers of previously unreported cases on 25 November, announced the total number of cases in the country on 10 December, and started to include asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic cases (who are usually considered recovered after 10 days of isolation[55]) in the number of recoveries on 12 December.
  10. ↑ Russia
    1. Including cases from the disputed Crimea and Sevastopol.
    2. Excluding cases from the Diamond Princess cruise ship, which are classified as "on an international conveyance".
  11. ↑ United Kingdom
    1. Excluding all British Overseas Territories and Crown dependencies.
    2. As of 23 March 2020, the UK government does not publish the number of recoveries. The last update on 22 March reported 135 recovered patients.[58]
  12. ↑ Spain
    1. The figure for cases excludes serology–confirmed cases.
    2. As of 19 May 2020, the Spanish government does not publish the number of recoveries. The last update on 18 May reported 150,376 recovered patients.
  13. ↑ Argentina
    1. Excluding confirmed cases on the claimed territory of the Falkland Islands. Since 11 April 2020, the Argentine Ministry of Health includes them in their official reports.[62]
  14. ↑ Germany
    1. Not all state authorities count recoveries.[64]
    2. Recoveries include estimations by the Robert Koch Institute.[64][65]
  15. ↑ Ukraine
    1. Excluding cases from the disputed Crimea and Sevastopol. Cases in these territories are included in the Russian total.
    2. Excluding cases from the unrecognized Donetsk and Luhansk People's Republics.
  16. ↑ Netherlands
    1. The Kingdom of the Netherlands consists of a) the Netherlands* [the country as opposed to the kingdom; listed here], which in turn includes the Caribbean Netherlands, that are made up of the special municipalities Bonaire*, Saba* and Sint Eustatius*; b) Aruba*; c) Curaçao*; and d) Sint Maarten*. All regions marked with an asterisk are listed separately.
    2. The Dutch Government agency RIVM, responsible for the constituent country the Netherlands, does not count its number of recoveries.[77]
  17. ↑ Canada
    1. On 17 July 2020, Quebec, Canada, revised its criteria on recoveries. The Institut national de santé publique claims that "the previous method resulted in 'significant underestimations' of recovered cases."[80] This change resulted in a drop of active cases nationwide, from a total of 27,603 on 16 July to 4,058 on 17 July.[81]
  18. ↑ Chile
    1. Including the special territory of Easter Island and cases reported in the Chilean Antarctic Territory.
    2. The Chilean Ministry of Health considered all cases as "recovered" after 14 days since the initial symptoms of the virus, regardless of the health situation of the infected or if succeeding tests indicate the continuing presence of the virus. The only exceptions are casualties, which are not included as recovered.[83]
    3. Deaths include only cases with positive PCR tests and catalogued as a "COVID-19 related death" by the Civil Registry and Identification Service. This number is indicated in the daily reports of the Ministry of Health. A report with the total number of deaths, including suspected cases without PCR test, is released at least weekly since 20 June 2020.[84] In the latest report (24 May 2021), the total number of deaths is 36,546.[85]
  19. ↑ Belgium
    1. The number of deaths also includes untested cases and cases in retirement homes that presumably died because of COVID-19, whilst most countries only include deaths of tested cases in hospitals.[92]
  20. ↑ Israel
    1. Including cases from the disputed Golan Heights.
    2. Excluding cases from the Occupied Palestinian Territories.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Diamond Princess and Japan
    1. The British cruise ship Diamond Princess was in Japanese waters, and the Japanese administration was asked to manage its quarantine, with the passengers having not entered Japan. Therefore, this case is included in neither the Japanese nor British official counts. The World Health Organization classifies the cases as being located "on an international conveyance".
  22. ↑ Serbia
    1. Excluding cases from the disputed territory of Kosovo.
  23. ↑ Switzerland
    1. Recoveries are estimates by the Tribune de Genève.
  24. ↑ Morocco
    1. Including cases in the disputed Western Sahara territory controlled by Morocco.
    2. Excluding the de facto state of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.
  25. ↑ Georgia
    1. Excluding the de facto states of Abkhazia and South Ossetia.
  26. ↑ Azerbaijan
    1. Excluding the self-declared state of Artsakh.
  27. ↑ Denmark
    1. The autonomous territories of the Faroe Islands and Greenland are listed separately.
  28. ↑ Egypt
    1. Includes cases identified on the MS River Anuket.
  29. ↑ Moldova
    1. Including the disputed territory of Transnistria.
  30. ↑ Cuba
    1. Includes cases on the MS Braemar.
    2. Excluding cases from Guantanamo Bay, which is governed by the United States.
  31. ↑ Norway
    1. Estimation of the number of infected:
      • As of 23 March 2020, according to figures from just over 40 per cent of all GPs in Norway, 20,200 patients have been registered with the "corona code" R991. The figure includes both cases where the patient has been diagnosed with coronavirus infection through testing, and where the GP has used the "corona code" after assessing the patient's symptoms against the criteria by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health.[175]
      • As of 24 March 2020, the Norwegian Institute of Public Health estimates that between 7,120 and 23,140 Norwegians are infected with the coronavirus.[176]
  32. ↑ Finland
    1. Including the autonomous region of the Åland Islands.
    2. The number of recoveries is an estimate based on reported cases which were reported at least two weeks ago and there is no other monitoring data on the course of the disease.[186] The exact number of recoveries is not known, as only a small proportion of patients have been hospitalised.[187]
  33. ↑ China
    1. Excluding 205 asymptomatic cases under medical observation as of 19 December  2020 (2020 -12-19).
    2. Asymptomatic cases were not reported before 31 March 2020.
    3. Excluding Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau.
    4. Does not include Taiwan.
  34. ↑ Cyprus
  35. ↑ Botswana
    1. 2,518 people who tested positive have been voluntarily repatriated to their respective countries and are not part of the confirmed case count as a result the Government of Botswana does not include the transferred-out cases.[202]
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 Donetsk and Luhansk People's Republic
    1. Note that these territories are distinct from the Ukraine-administered regions of the Donetsk and Luhansk Oblasts.
  37. ↑ DR Congo
  38. ↑ Australia
    1. Excluding the cases from Diamond Princess cruise ship which are classified as "on an international conveyance". Ten cases, including one fatality recorded by the Australian government.
  39. ↑ Syria
    1. Excluding cases from the disputed Golan Heights.
  40. ↑ Abkhazia
    1. Cases from this de facto state are not counted by Georgia.
  41. ↑ Somalia
    1. Excluding the de facto state of Somaliland.
  42. ↑ Congo
    1. Also known as the Republic of the Congo and not to be confused with the DR Congo.
  43. ↑ Bahamas
    1. Some of these deaths may still be under investigation as stated in the Ministry's press release.
  44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 Guam and USS Theodore Roosevelt
    1. Cases for the USS Theodore Roosevelt, currently docked at Guam, are reported separately.
  45. ↑ Taiwan
    1. Including cases from the ROCS Pan Shi.[264]
  46. ↑ Northern Cyprus
    1. Cases from this de facto state are not counted by Cyprus.
  47. ↑ Somaliland
    1. Cases from this de facto state are not counted by Somalia.
  48. ↑ South Ossetia
    1. Cases from this de facto state are not counted by Georgia.
  49. ↑ Artsakh
    1. Cases from this de facto state are not counted by Azerbaijan.
  50. ↑ Isle of Man
    1. Recoveries are presumed. Defined as "An individual testing positive for coronavirus who completes the 14 day self-isolation period from the onset of symptoms who is at home on day 15, or an individual who is discharged from hospital following more severe symptoms."[309]
  51. ↑ Charles de Gaulle
    1. Including cases on the escort frigate Chevalier Paul.
    2. Florence Parly, Minister of the Armed Forces, reported to the National Assembly's National Defense and Armed Forces Committee [fr] that 2010 sailors of the carrier battle group led by Charles de Gaulle had been tested, with 1081 tests returning positive so far.[317] Many of these cases were aboard Charles de Gaulle, some of the cases were reportedly aboard French frigate Chevalier Paul, and it is unclear if any other ships in the battle group had cases on board.[318][319][320]
  52. ↑ Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
    1. Cases from this de facto state are not counted by Morocco.
  53. ↑ MS Zaandam
    1. Including cases from MS Rotterdam.
    2. The MS Rotterdam rendezvoused with the Zaandam on 26 March off the coast of Panama City to provide support and evacuate healthy passengers. Both have since docked in Florida.[359][360]
    3. MS Zaandam and Rotterdam's numbers are currently not counted in any national figures.
  54. ↑ Coral Princess
    1. The cruise ship Coral Princess has tested positive cases since early April 2020 and has since docked in Miami.[363]
    2. Coral Princess's numbers are currently not counted in any national figures.
  55. ↑ SeaDream I
    1. SeaDream I's numbers are currently not counted in any national figures.
  56. ↑ HNLMS Dolfijn
    1. All 8 cases currently associated with Dolfijn were reported while the submarine was at sea in the waters between Scotland and the Netherlands.[367]
    2. It is unclear whether the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) is including these cases in their total count, but neither their daily update details nor their daily epidemiological situation reports appear to have mentioned the ship, with a breakdown of cases listing the twelve provinces of the country of the Netherlands (as opposed to the kingdom) accounting for all the cases in the total count.[368][369]
  57. ↑ Tanzania
    1. Figures for Tanzania are "No data" as the country stopped publishing figures on coronavirus cases on 29 April 2020.[386] Figures as of that date were 509 cases, 21 deaths, and 183 recoveries.[387][388]

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