NATO
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (sometimes known as the North Atlantic Alliance, the Atlantic Alliance or the Western Alliance), also simply called NATO, is a military alliance that is mostly in Europe and North America. Its other official name means the same in French: Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord (OTAN).
| North Atlantic Treaty Organization Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord | |
|---|---|
 | |
.svg) NATO countries shown in green | |
| Motto | Animus in consulendo liber In English: A mind unfettered in deliberation |
| Formation | 4 April 1949 |
| Type | Military alliance |
| Headquarters | Brussels, Belgium |
| Membership | 32 member states
|
| Official languages | English, French[1] |
| Secretary General | Mark Rutte |
| Website | |
It was established by the North Atlantic Treaty, which was signed in Washington, DC, United States, on April 4, 1949. Its headquarters are in Brussels, Belgium.
Languages
NATO has two official languages, English and French, as defined in Article 14 of the North Atlantic Treaty.
History
Its members when it was founded on 4 April 1949 were the United States, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, France, the United Kingdom, Canada, Portugal, Italy, Norway, Denmark and Iceland. On 18 February 1952, Greece and Turkey also joined.
When West Germany joined the organization on 9 May 1955, it was described as "a decisive turning point in the history of our continent" by Norwegian Foreign Minister Halvard Lange.[2] The Warsaw Pact was signed on 14 May 1955 by the Soviet Union and its satellite states as a response to NATO.
Iceland threatened to leave during the 1970s Cod Wars, which would put the United Kindom at fault, and NATO would lose a key position in the North Atlantic. Iceland won the won the Cod Wars and did not end up leaving.[3]
After the Cold War ened, three former communist countries, Hungary, the Czech Republic and Poland, joined NATO in 1999. On 29 March 2004, seven more Northern and Eastern European countries joined NATO: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, Slovenia, Slovakia, Bulgaria and Romania.
Croatia and Albania received invitation for NATO membership on 3 April 2008. The Republic of Macedonia received only a conditional invitation because a full invitation was vetoed by Greece over a naming dispute.
Montenegro joined on 5 June 2017. [4] Having changed its name to end its dispute with Greece, North Macedonia joined NATO on 27 March 2020 and became its 30th member.[5]Ireland became an observer of NATO on 8 September 2020.
In April 2023, Finland joined NATO, following efforts to join since the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.[6] Sweden joined NATO in March 2024.[7]
Membership
Here are the 32 NATO members:
NATO Media
An orthographic projection of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization* North Atlantic Treaty Organization member states*
A locator map of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization in Europe* North Atlantic Treaty Organization member states*
West Germany joined NATO in 1955, which led to the formation of the rival Warsaw Pact during the Cold War.
The Fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 marked a turning point in NATO's role in Europe, and a section of that wall is displayed outside NATO headquarters.
Group photo of the 2024 Washington summit
NATO E-3A flying with U.S. Air Force F-16s in a NATO exercise
Steadfast Defender 24 was the largest NATO exercise since the end of the Cold War.
A USAF aircraft landing during Operation Deliberate Force after the Srebrenica massacre
German KFOR soldiers on patrol in southern Kosovo in 1999
KFOR-MSU Carabinieri Patrols in front of the Ibar Bridge in Mitrovica, Kosovo, 2019
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Related pages
Further reading
- Asmus, Ronald D. Opening NATO's Door: How the Alliance Remade Itself for a New Era Columbia U. Press, 2002. 372 pp.
- Bacevich, Andrew J. and Cohen, Eliot A. War over Kosovo: Politics and Strategy in a Global Age. Columbia U. Press, 2002. 223 pp.
- Eisenhower, Dwight D. The Papers of Dwight David Eisenhower. Vols. 12 and 13: NATO and the Campaign of 1952: Louis Galambos et al., ed. Johns Hopkins U. Press, 1989. 1707 pp. in 2 vol.
- Daclon, Corrado Maria Security through Science: Interview with Jean Fournet, Assistant Secretary-General of NATO, Analisi Difesa, 2004. no. 42
- Ganser, Daniele Natos Secret Armies: Operation Gladio and Terrorism in Western Europe, ISBN 0-7146-5607-0
- Gearson, John and Schake, Kori, ed. The Berlin Wall Crisis: Perspectives on Cold War Alliances Palgrave Macmillan, 2002. 209 pp.
- Gheciu, Alexandra. NATO in the 'New Europe' Stanford University Press, 2005. 345 pp.
- Hendrickson, Ryan C. Diplomacy and War at NATO: The Secretary-General and Military Action After the Cold War Univ. of Missouri Press, 2006. 175 pp.
- Hunter, Robert. "The European Security and Defense Policy: NATO's Companion - Or Competitor?" RAND National Security Research Division, 2002. 206 pp.
- Jordan, Robert S. Norstad: Cold War NATO Supreme Commander - Airman, Strategist, Diplomat St. Martin's Press, 2000. 350 pp.
- Kaplan, Lawrence S. The Long Entanglement: NATO's First Fifty Years. Praeger, 1999. 262 pp.
- Kaplan, Lawrence S. NATO Divided, NATO United: The Evolution of an Alliance. Praeger, 2004. 165 pp.
- Kaplan, Lawrence S., ed. American Historians and the Atlantic Alliance. Kent State U. Press, 1991. 192 pp.
- Lambeth, Benjamin S. NATO's Air War in Kosovo: A Strategic and Operational Assessment Santa Monica, Calif.: RAND, 2001. 250 pp.
- Létourneau, Paul. Le Canada et l'OTAN après 40 ans, 1949–1989 Quebec: Cen. Québécois de Relations Int., 1992. 217 pp.
- Maloney, Sean M. Securing Command of the Sea: NATO Naval Planning, 1948–1954. Naval Institute Press, 1995. 276 pp.
- John C. Milloy. North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, 1948–1957: Community or Alliance? (2006), focus on non-military issues
- Powaski, Ronald E. The Entangling Alliance: The United States and European Security, 1950–1993. Greenwood, 1994. 261 pp.
- Ruane, Kevin. The Rise and Fall of the European Defense Community: Anglo-American Relations and the Crisis of European Defense, 1950–55 Palgrave, 2000. 252 pp.
- Sandler, Todd and Hartley, Keith. The Political Economy of NATO: Past, Present, and into the 21st Century. Cambridge U. Press, 1999. 292 pp.
- Smith, Jean Edward, and Canby, Steven L.The Evolution of NATO with Four Plausible Threat Scenarios. Canada Department of Defense: Ottawa, 1987. 117 pp.
- Smith, Joseph, ed. The Origins of NATO Exeter, UK U. of Exeter Press, 1990. 173 pp.
- Telo, António José. Portugal e a NATO: O Reencontro da Tradiçoa Atlântica Lisbon: Cosmos, 1996. 374 pp.
- Zorgbibe, Charles. Histoire de l'OTAN Brussels: Complexe, 2002. 283 pp.
References
- ↑ "English and French shall be the official languages for the entire North Atlantic Treaty Organisation.", Final Communiqué following the meeting of the North Atlantic Council on September 17, 1949. "(..)the English and French texts [of the Treaty] are equally authentic(...)"The North Atlantic Treaty, Article 14 Archived 1998-01-30 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ 1955: West Germany accepted into Nato. 9 May 1955. http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/may/9/newsid_2519000/2519979.stm.
- ↑ "The FISH & CHIPS Wars: U.K. Vs Iceland". YouTube.
- ↑ NATO. "Montenegro joins NATO as 29th Ally". NATO.
- ↑ "North Macedonia officially joins NATO". RTÉ.ie. 27 March 2020.
- ↑ Laverick, Evelyn (2023-04-04). "Finland joins NATO in the alliance's fastest-ever accession process". Euronews. Retrieved 2023-04-04.
- ↑ Lee, Matthew; Cook, Lorne (7 March 2024). "Sweden officially joins NATO as alliance's 32nd member". Associated Press. Retrieved 8 March 2024.
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