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Kingston upon Hull

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Kingston upon Hull is usually called just Hull. It is an English city.

Hull
City and unitary authority
Coat of arms of Kingston upon Hull
Coat of arms
Shown within the East Riding of Yorkshire
Shown within the East Riding of Yorkshire
Coordinates: 53°44′40″N 00°19′57″W / 53.74444°N 0.33250°W / 53.74444; -0.33250Coordinates: 53°44′40″N 00°19′57″W / 53.74444°N 0.33250°W / 53.74444; -0.33250
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
CountryEngland
RegionYorkshire and the Humber
Ceremonial countyEast Riding of Yorkshire
Founded12th century
City status1897
Administrative headquarters • Guildhall
Government
 • TypeUnitary authority
 • BodyHull City Council
 • LeadershipLeader and cabinet
 • ExecutiveLabour
 • Lord MayorLynn Petrini (L)
 • Council LeaderDaren Hale (L)
 • Chief ExecutiveMatt Jukes
Area
 • Land27.59 sq mi (71.5 km2)
Population
 (2005 est.)
 • City(Ranked 58th)
 • Rank(Ranked 58th)
 • Density9,030/sq mi (3,486/km2)
 • Urban
314,018
 • Metro
573,300 (LUZ)
 • Ethnicity
(2011 Census)[1]
89.7% White British
0.3% White Irish
4.1% Other White
1.1% S. Asian
1.2% Black
1.3% Mixed Race
2.3% Chinese and other (0.8% Chinese)
Time zoneUTC+0 (Greenwich Mean Time)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+1 (British Summer Time)
Postcode Area
HU
ISO 3166-2GB-KHL
ONS code00FA (ONS)
E06000010 (GSS)
NUTS 3UKE11
Primary airportHumberside Airport (Outside of Kingston upon Hull)
Councillors57
MPs
List of MPs
Websitehull.gov.uk

It is the "unitary authority" for the region of Yorkshire and the Humber. The region is in the Ceremonial county of the East Riding of Yorkshire.[2]

The city is on the North side of the River Hull where it meets the Humber Estuary (see diagram), 25 miles (40 km) from the North Sea.[2]

Hull has been a market town,[3] military supply port,[4] trading centre,[5] fishing and whaling port,[4] and industrial giant.[4] Hull was also an early battleground in the English Civil Wars,[5] and was the backdrop to events leading to the abolition of the slave trade in Britain.[6] Hull was heavily damaged during the Second World War,[5] and after a period of decline, when many factories closed;[7] the city has started to regenerate.[8] The Port of Hull is one of the UK's largest goods and passenger ports.

History

Meaux Abbey was founded between 1150 and 1179. This is the earliest date people are known to have lived in the area.[9]

Edward I used the port to help supply his troops when he was fighting the Scots. as a site from which to supply his troops as they engaged their northern foes[4][10]

The king granted a royal charter, dated 1 April 1299, that renamed the settlement of Wyke to King's town upon Hull, or Kingston upon Hull. The charter remains preserved in the archives of the city's Guildhall.[5]

In 1440, a new charter allowed the town to choose a mayor, a sheriff, and twelve aldermen to run its own affairs.[5] The charter also said that the aldermen also be justices of the peace (that is, judges) for the town and its county.[5]

Hull's port grew busier in the Middle Ages, sending wool, cloth, and leather to north Germany, towns on the Baltic Sea, and the Low Countries,[5] bringing back timber, wine, furs, and dyes.[5]

Sir William de la Pole was the town's first mayor.[11]

The town grew rich during the 16th and early 17th centuries.[5] At this time Wilberforce House was built. It is now a museum about William Wilberforce.[5] who campaigned to abolish the slave trade.

In 1642 Hull decided to support for Parliament and refused to let Charles I enter the town. This meant the king could not have Hull's arsenal.[5] Named a traitor, Hotham was eventually executed, in spite of a pardon issued by Parliament.[5] Charles I besieged the town, that is he ordered his army to surround the town and force Hull to surrender.[5] This siege helped start the fighting in the Civil War.[5]

Hull became a city in 1897 This was then time when the city was the richest it had ever been. Catching whales and fishing were very important.[4] Whaling is now banned, and fishing is limited by EU rules. But Hull is still a major port sending bulk goods and commercial road traffic by RORO ferry to and from the Dutch ports of Rotterdam and Zeebrugge and on to Europe.[5] Hull is also an important centre of food-processing for the United Kingdom.[5]

In the Second World War much of the city centre was completely destroyed.[5] Hull was the most severely-bombed city or town apart from London during World War II, with 95% of houses being damaged or destroyed.[12]

Hull was hit hard by the June 2007 floods. There was standing water over a wide area affecting 20% of the city's housing and damaging 90 out of its 105 schools. But the flooding was not as dramatic as the localised flooding in Sheffield and Doncaster. Newspapers and television reported about other areas, and Hull Council leader Carl Minns said Hull was the "forgotten city" of the floods.[13] Damage to schools alone has been estimated at £100 million.[14]

Geography

Kingston upon Hull's city centre is close to the Humber.[2] The city is surrounded by the rural East Riding of Yorkshire, isolating it from the rest of the United Kingdom.[15]

Much of Hull is on reclaimed land at or below sea level. The Hull Tidal Surge Barrier is where the River Hull joins the Humber Estuary and is lowered at times when unusually high tides are expected. It is used between 8 and 12 times per year and protects about 10,000 people from flooding.[16] Due to its low level, Hull is expected to be at increasing levels of risk from flooding due to global warming.[17]

The city is quite small, but there are many villages in the metropolitan area. The largest of these suburbs is Cottingham.[18]

Government

Hull was a county borough in the East Riding of Yorkshire from 1889 to 1974. Then it became a non-metropolitan district of the new Humberside county. When that county was abolished in 1996 it was made a unitary authority. The governing body of the city is now Hull City Council, based in the Guildhall in the city centre.[19] The council has adopted the "leader and cabinet" model. This means that most decision are made by the leader of the council and a Cabinet[20]

 
Hull in 1866.

The council was the UK's worst council in both 2004 and 2005, but is now rated as a two star improving adequate council after its recent corporate performance assessment.[21][22]

Cities and towns linked to Hull

Hull has the following twin towns:[23]

Hull, Massachusetts in the USA is named after this city,[24] as is Hull, Quebec, which is part of Canada's national capital region.[25]

Telephone system

Hull is the only city in the UK with its own independent telephone network company, now called KCom. On 24 May 2007, the council sold their remaining stake in the company for over £107 million.[26]

People associated with Kingston upon Hull

People linked to the city include:

Kingston Upon Hull Media

  • The urban growth of Hull between the 13th and 14th centuries

  • Parliament Street, a Georgian thoroughfare in the city centre, with Whitefriargate in the distance

  • Panorama of Hull from further along the north bank of the Humber near Paull, with the Yorkshire Wolds rising behind the city

  • Hull constituencies' general election results, 1918–2019.

  • The River Hull tidal barrier and the Millennium Bridge

  • The expansion of Kingston upon Hull

  • Population pyramid of Kingston upon Hull (unitary authority) in 2021

  • The Isis Oil Mill Complex, now owned by Cargill

References

  1. ↑ UK Census (2011). "Local Area Report – Kingston upon Hull, City of Local Authority (1946157109)". Nomis. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 1 March 2018.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Kingston upon Hull". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. (2007). Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved on 29 September 2007. 
  3. ↑ "Brief history of Hedon". Hedon Town Council: Working for You. Hedon Town Council. 2007. Retrieved 2007-09-22.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 "History of Hull". Hull City Council. Hull City Council. 2007. Retrieved 2007-09-22.
  5. ↑ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14 5.15 5.16 "Shop in Hull: History". Shop in Hull. Shop in Hull. 2007. Archived from the original on 2007-10-13. Retrieved 2007-09-22.
  6. ↑ "Slavery: unfinished business". Wilberforce 2007: Hull. Wilberforce 2007: Hull. 2007. Archived from the original on 2007-09-21. Retrieved 2007-09-23.
  7. ↑ Parkinson, Michael (March 2006). State of the English Cities: Volume 1 (PDF). Champion, Tony; Evans, Richard; Simmie, James; Turok, Ivan; Crookston, Martin; Katz, Bruce; Park, Alison; Berube, Alan; Coombes, Mike; Dorling, Danny; Glass, Norman; Hutchins, Mary; Kearns, Ade; Martin, Ron; Wood, Peter. London: Office of the Deputy Prime Minister. p. 112. ISBN 978-1-85112-845-7. Retrieved 2007-07-01.[dead link]
  8. ↑ "City Centre". Hull Citybuild. Hull Citybuild. 2007. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2007-09-23.
  9. ↑ "Meaux". New Advent: Catholic Encyclopedia. (2007). Kevin Knight. Retrieved on 22 September 2007. 
  10. ↑ "Kingston upon Hull Tourist Information". AboutBritain.com. Excelsior Information Systems Limited. 1999–2007. Retrieved 2007-09-22.
  11. ↑ "Point 4: River Hull Walkway". BBC Humber. British Broadcasting Corporation. 2005-10-05. Retrieved 2007-09-22.
  12. ↑ Listed status for bombed cinema. BBC News. 2007-02-02. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/humber/6324301.stm. Retrieved 2007-02-02. 
  13. ↑ Flood-hit Hull a 'forgotten city'. BBC News. 2007-07-04. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/humber/6270236.stm. Retrieved 2007-09-19. 
  14. ↑ "Hull pleads for aid after floods leave one in five homes damaged". Guardian News and Media Limited. 2007-07-05. Retrieved 2007-09-19.
  15. ↑ "The Best and Worst Places - Hull". Channel 4. Archived from the original on 2007-06-19. Retrieved 2007-06-30. Hull now sits at the end of a motorway, isolated from the rest of the country by the Humber estuary.
  16. ↑ "Hull Tidal Surge Barrier - Facts and Figures". Environment Agency website. Archived from the original on 2006-08-04. Retrieved 2006-11-09.
  17. ↑ "Yorkshire's grim future: Fires, floods and drought". Yorkshire Post Today. Retrieved 2006-11-09.[dead link]
  18. ↑ "Hull Bed and Breakfast: Local Information". BedandBreakfasts.co.uk. 2007. Retrieved 2007-09-30.
  19. ↑ "Contact us". Hull City Council. Hull City Council. Retrieved 2007-09-16.
  20. ↑ "Decision-making structure". Hull City Council. Hull City Council. Retrieved 2007-09-16.
  21. ↑ Council is worst in the country. BBC News Online. 2004-12-16. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/humber/4099063.stm. Retrieved 2006-11-09. 
  22. ↑ "Audit Commission Comprehensive Performance Assessment - Two stars for Hull". Hull City Council. Hull City Council. 2007-02-22. Retrieved 2007-10-01.
  23. ↑ "Christmas around the world". Hull in print. Kingston upon Hull City Council. 2003. Retrieved 2007-09-30.
  24. ↑ "Hull, Massachusetts". ePodunk. ePodunk Inc. 2007. Archived from the original on 2007-10-14. Retrieved 2007-09-30.
  25. ↑ "Hull, Quebec". ePodunk Canada. ePodunk Inc. 2007. Archived from the original on 2007-10-13. Retrieved 2007-09-30.
  26. ↑ "Council Completes KC Shares Sale". This is Hull & East Riding. Retrieved 2007-05-24.[dead link]

Other websites


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