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2016 United States presidential election

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The 2016 United States presidential election was the 58th presidential election that was held on November 8, 2016. Businessman Donald Trump and Indiana Governor Mike Pence defeated former U.S. secretary of State Hillary Clinton and U.S. senator Tim Kaine on the Republican Party ticket.[3]

2016 United States presidential election
← 2012 November 8, 2016 2020 →
538 members of the Electoral College
270 electoral votes needed to win
Turnout60.1%[1] Increase 1.5 pp
  Donald Trump official portrait (3x4a).jpg Hillary Clinton by Gage Skidmore 3x4.jpg
Nominee Donald Trump Hillary Clinton
Party Republican Democratic
Home state New York New York
Running mate Mike Pence Tim Kaine
Electoral vote 304[a] 227[a]
States carried 30 + ME-02 20 + DC
Popular vote 62,984,828[2] 65,853,514[2]
Percentage 46.1% 48.2%
United States presidential election in California, 2016United States presidential election in Oregon, 2016United States presidential election in Washington (state), 2016United States presidential election in Idaho, 2016United States presidential election in Nevada, 2016United States presidential election in Utah, 2016United States presidential election in Arizona, 2016United States presidential election in Montana, 2016United States presidential election in Wyoming, 2016United States presidential election in Colorado, 2016United States presidential election in New Mexico, 2016United States presidential election in North Dakota, 2016United States presidential election in South Dakota, 2016United States presidential election in Nebraska, 2016United States presidential election in Kansas, 2016United States presidential election in Oklahoma, 2016United States presidential election in Texas, 2016United States presidential election in Minnesota, 2016United States presidential election in Iowa, 2016United States presidential election in Missouri, 2016United States presidential election in Arkansas, 2016United States presidential election in Louisiana, 2016United States presidential election in Wisconsin, 2016United States presidential election in Illinois, 2016United States presidential election in Michigan, 2016United States presidential election in Indiana, 2016United States presidential election in Ohio, 2016United States presidential election in Kentucky, 2016United States presidential election in Tennessee, 2016United States presidential election in Mississippi, 2016United States presidential election in Alabama, 2016United States presidential election in Georgia, 2016United States presidential election in Florida, 2016United States presidential election in South Carolina, 2016United States presidential election in North Carolina, 2016United States presidential election in Virginia, 2016United States presidential election in West Virginia, 2016United States presidential election in the District of Columbia, 2016United States presidential election in Maryland, 2016United States presidential election in Delaware, 2016United States presidential election in Pennsylvania, 2016United States presidential election in New Jersey, 2016United States presidential election in New York, 2016United States presidential election in Connecticut, 2016United States presidential election in Rhode Island, 2016United States presidential election in Vermont, 2016United States presidential election in New Hampshire, 2016United States presidential election in Maine, 2016United States presidential election in Massachusetts, 2016United States presidential election in Hawaii, 2016United States presidential election in Alaska, 2016United States presidential election in the District of Columbia, 2016United States presidential election in Maryland, 2016United States presidential election in Delaware, 2016United States presidential election in New Jersey, 2016United States presidential election in Connecticut, 2016United States presidential election in Rhode Island, 2016United States presidential election in Massachusetts, 2016United States presidential election in Vermont, 2016United States presidential election in New Hampshire, 2016ElectoralCollege2016.svg
About this image
Presidential election results map. Red denotes states won by Trump/Pence and blue denotes those won by Clinton/Kaine. Numbers indicate electoral votes cast by each state and the District of Columbia. On election night, Trump won 306 electors and Clinton 232. However, because of seven faithless electors (five Democratic and two Republican), Trump received 304 votes and Clinton 227.
President before election

Barack Obama
Democratic

Elected President

Donald Trump
Republican

Then-incumbent President Barack Obama was term limited by the Twenty-second amendment, which made him unable to serve a third presidential term. Former secretary of state Hillary Clinton won the Democratic nomination. Trump became his party's front-runner against many candidates in the Republican primary, defeating Senator Ted Cruz, Senator Marco Rubio, and Ohio Governor John Kasich among other candidates.

Many third-party candidates ran, such as Gary Johnson. Trump chose Indiana governor Mike Pence as his running mate, and Clinton chose U.S. senator Tim Kaine as her running mate.

Trump received 304 electoral votes, 34 more votes than what was needed to win, while Clinton received 227.[4] Even though Trump lost the popular vote, the electoral votes decide the actual winner of the election. Trump took office on January 20, 2017.

Background

Article Two of the United States Constitution says that for a person to be elected and serve as President of the United States, they must be a natural-born citizen of the United States, at least 35 years old, and a resident of the United States for a period of no less than 14 years.

Candidates for the presidency typically seek the nomination of one of the various political parties of the United States, in which case each party devises a method (such as a primary election) to choose the candidate the party deems best suited to run for the position. The party's delegates then officially nominate a candidate to run on the party's behalf.

President Barack Obama was unable to seek re-election for a third term because of the Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution, which states that a president may only serve up to two terms. His term as president ended at noon eastern standard time on January 20, 2017.[5][6]

Democratic Party

Main pages: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic Party presidential candidates, 2016, and Democratic Party presidential primaries, 2016

Nominees

Green Party (United States)
Presumptive Green Party Ticket, 2016
Jill Stein Ajamu Baraka
for President for Vice President
Jill Stein cropped.jpg
Ajamu-Baraka.jpg
Physician
from Lexington, Massachusetts 		Activist
from Washington, D.C.
Campaign
SteinBaraka.png
[7]

Withdrawn candidates

Republican Party

Main pages: Republican Party (United States), Republican Party presidential candidates, 2016, and Republican Party presidential primaries, 2016
Republican Party (United States)
Republican Party Ticket, 2016
Donald Trump Mike Pence
for President for Vice President
Portrait of Vice President-elect Mike Pence (cropped 2).jpg
Chairman of
The Trump Organization
(1971–2017) 		50th
Governor of Indiana
(2013-2017)
Campaign
Trump-Pence 2016.svg
[9][10][11]

Major third parties

Libertarian Party

Further information: Libertarian Party (United States)
Ballot access for the Libertarian Party     On ballot

Ballot access to all 538 electoral votes[12]

Constitution Party

Further information: Constitution Party of the United States and Constitution Party presidential primaries, 2016

Ballot access to 207 electoral votes (451 with write-in):[13][14] –

     On ballot      Write-in      Not on ballot
  • As write-in: Alabama, Arizona, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia[13][15][16][17][18]
  • No ballot access: California, District of Columbia, Massachusetts, North Carolina, Oklahoma

Green Party

Further information: Green Party of the United States and Green Party presidential primaries, 2016
Ballot access for the Green Party     On ballot     Not on ballot, write-in access     Not on ballot

Ballot access to 493(451) electoral votes:[19] Ballot access currently in process: North Dakota, Rhode Island, Wyoming

States currently under litigation for ballot access: Nevada, Oklahoma

States with no ballot access: South Dakota
As write-in: Georgia, Indiana, North Carolina.[20][21]

Other active candidates

American Delta Party and Reform Party

     Access to ballot      Write-in
Main page: Rocky De La Fuente presidential campaign, 2016

Ballot access to 147 electoral votes (305 with write-in)

  • On the ballot: Alaska, Colorado, Florida, Idaho, Iowa, Kentucky, Minnesota, Mississippi, Montana, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, North Dakota, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Utah, Vermont, Wisconsin, Wyoming
  • As write-in: Alabama, Arizona, Connecticut, Delaware, Indiana, Kansas, Maryland, Missouri, Nebraska, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia
  • No ballot access: California, District of Columbia, Georgia, Hawaii, Illinois, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Nevada, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, Wyoming
American Delta Party and Reform Party ticket, 2016
Roque "Rocky" De La Fuente Michael Steinberg
for President for Vice President
Michael Steinberg (cropped).jpg
Business Tycoon Lawyer from Florida
Campaign
LogoRocky.png

Independents

     Access to ballot      Write-in
Main page: Evan McMullin presidential campaign, 2016

Ballot access to 84 electoral votes (451 with write-in):[23]

  • As write-in: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, California, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Illinois, Kansas, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin[23][24][25][26][27][28][29]
  • No ballot access: District of Columbia, Florida, Hawaii, Indiana, Mississippi, Nevada, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Wyoming
Independent ticket, 2016
Evan McMullin Mindy Finn
for President for Vice President
Evan McMullin 2016-10-21 headshot.jpg
Mindy Finn at CAP (cropped).jpg
Chief policy director for the
House Republican Conference (2015–2016) 		President of
Empowered Women
(2015–present)
Campaign
EvanMcMullinMindyFinn2016.png
[30]

Other parties

American Freedom Party

Ballot Access to 6 electoral votes: Mississippi[31]

  • Bob Whitaker, white nationalist and paleoconservative political activist from South Carolina.[32] Vice-presidential nominee: Tom Bowie, from Maryland[33]

Independent American Party

Ballot Access to 18 Electoral Votes: New Mexico, Oregon, Utah[34]

  • Farley Anderson, activist from Utah.[34] Vice Presidential nominee: Vacant

Party for Socialism and Liberation

Ballot Access to 29 electoral votes: Florida[35]

Prohibition Party

Further information: Prohibition Party

Ballot Access to 21 electoral votes: Arkansas, Colorado, Mississippi[37][38][39]

  • James Hedges, Tax Assessor for Thompson Township, Fulton County, Pennsylvania 2002–2007;[40][41] vice-presidential nominee: Bill Bayes of Mississippi[40]

Peace and Freedom Party & Party of Socialism and Liberation

Ballot Access to 84 electoral votes: California, Florida[42][43]

  • Gloria La Riva, newspaper printer and activist, from New Mexico[44]

Socialist Party USA

Ballot Access to 0 electoral votes[39]

  • Mimi Soltysik, former National Co-chair of the Socialist Party USA from California;[45] vice-presidential nominee: Angela Walker of Wisconsin[45]

Nutrition Party

Ballot Access to 9 electoral votes: Colorado[37]

  • Rod Silva, restaurateur from New Jersey;[46][47] Vice-presidential nominee: Vacant

Veterans Party of America

Ballot Access to 6 electoral votes: Mississippi[48]

  • Chris Keniston, reliability engineer from Texas;[49] vice-presidential nominee: Deacon Taylor of Nevada[50]

Workers World Party

Ballot Access to 0 electoral votes

  • Monica Moorehead, perennial candidate and activist from New Jersey;[51] vice-Presidential nominee: Lamont Lilly[51]

Battleground states

Battleground states during the election were: Nevada, Georgia, Michigan, Pennsylvania, Florida, New Hampshire, Maine, Ohio and North Carolina. Trump won Georgia, Michigan, Pennsylvania, Ohio, North Carolina, Florida and a congressional district in Maine. Clinton won Nevada, New Hampshire and Maine. Wisconsin, Michigan and Pennsylvania were seen as likely 'Blue' states, but Trump won all three states in what was seen as a political upset.

Party conventions

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     Democratic Party

     Republican Party      Libertarian Party      Green Party      Constitution Party      Reform Party

Democratic Party
Main page: 2016 Democratic National Convention
Republican Party
Main page: 2016 Republican National Convention
Green Party
Main page: 2016 Green National Convention
  • August 4–7, 2016: Green National Convention was held in Houston, Texas.[55][56]
Libertarian Party
Main page: 2016 Libertarian National Convention
Constitution Party
Main page: 2016 Constitution Party National Convention
  • April 13–16, 2016: Constitution Party National Convention was held in Salt Lake City, Utah.[59]
Reform Party
Main page: 2016 Reform Party National Convention
  • July 29–31, 2016: Reform Party National Convention was held in Bohemia, New York.[60]

Debates

On April 1, 2015, the Commission on Presidential Debates a (CPD) announced that each of the following 16 locations are under consideration to host one of the three presidential debates and one vice presidential debate:[61]

The three locations which will host the presidential debates and the one location selected to host the vice presidential debate are to be announced by the CPD in the fall of 2015.[61][62]

Results

Candidate Party Votes % Electoral votes
Donald Trump Republican 62,984,825 46.09% 304
Hillary Clinton Democratic 65,853,516 48.18% 227
Gary Johnson Libertarian 4,489,221 3.28% 0
Jill Stein Green Party 1,457,216 1.07% 0
Evan McMullin Independent 731,788 0.54% 0
Darrell Castle Constitution 203,010 0.15% 0
Gloria La Riva Peace and Freedom 74,392 0.05% 0
Rocky De La Fuente Reform Party of the United States of America 33,136 0.03% 0
Richard Duncan Independent 24,308 0% 0
Dan Vacek Legal Marijuana Now Party 13,538 0% 0
Alyson Kennedy Socialist Workers Party 12,467 0% 0
Chris Keniston Veterans Party of America 7,251 0% 0
Mike Maturen American Solidarity Party 6,797 0% 0
James Hedges Prohibition Party 5,617 0% 0
Tom Hoefling America's Party 4,856 0% 0
Monica Moorehead Workers World Party 4,319 0% 0
Laurence Kotlikoff Independent 3,603 0% 0
Peter Skewes American Party 3,246 0% 0
Rocky Giordani Independent American Party 2,752 0% 0
Mimi Soltysik Socialist Party USA 2,705 0% 0
Rod Silva Nutrition Party 751 0% 0
Jerome White Socialist Equality Party 382 0% 0
Total 136,669,237 100% 538

Margin of victory

  • Blue shows Clinton's margin of victory over Trump, while red shows Trump's margin of victory over Clinton.
State Trump % Clinton % Margin
Alabama 62.1% 34.4% 27.7%
Alaska 51.3% 36.6% 14.7%
Arizona 48.7% 45.1% 3.6%
Arkansas 60.6% 33.7% 26.9%
California 31.6% 61.7% 30.1%
Colorado 43.3% 48.2% 4.9%
Connecticut 40.9% 54.6% 13.7%
Delaware 41.7% 53.1% 11.4%
District of Columbia 4.1% 90.5% 86.4%
Florida 49.0% 47.8% 1.2%
Georgia 50.8% 45.6% 5.2%
Hawaii 30.0% 62.2% 32.2%
Idaho 59.3% 27.5% 31.8%
Illinois 38.8% 55.8% 17.0%
Indiana 56.8% 37.9% 18.9%
Iowa 51.2% 41.7% 9.5%
Kansas 56.7% 36.1% 20.6%
Kentucky 62.5% 32.7% 29.8%
Louisiana 58.1% 38.5% 19.6%
Maine 44.9% 47.8% 2.9%
Maryland 33.9% 60.3% 26.4%
Massachusetts 32.8% 60.0% 27.2%
Michigan 47.5% 47.3% 0.2%
Minnesota 44.9% 46.4% 1.5%
Mississippi 57.9% 40.1% 17.8%
Missouri 56.8% 38.1% 18.7%
Montana 56.2% 35.8% 20.4%
Nebraska 58.8% 33.7% 25.1%
Nevada 45.5% 47.9% 2.4%
New Hampshire 46.6% 47.0% 0.4%
New Jersey 41.0% 55.0% 14.0%
New Mexico 40.0% 48.3% 8.3%
New York 36.5% 59.0% 22.5%
North Carolina 49.8% 46.2% 3.6%
North Dakota 63.0% 27.2% 35.8%
Ohio 51.7% 43.6% 8.1%
Oklahoma 65.3% 28.9% 36.4%
Oregon 39.1% 50.1% 11.0%
Pennsylvania 48.2% 47.5% 0.7%
Rhode Island 38.9% 54.4% 15.5%
South Carolina 54.9% 40.7% 14.2%
South Dakota 61.5% 31.7% 29.8%
Tennessee 60.7% 34.7% 26.0%
Texas 52.2% 43.2% 9.0%
Utah 45.5% 27.5% 18.0%
Vermont 30.3% 56.7% 26.4%
Virginia 44.4% 49.7% 5.3%
Washington 36.8% 52.5% 15.7%
West Virginia 68.5% 26.4% 42.1%
Wisconsin 47.2% 46.5% 0.7%
Wyoming 67.4% 21.6% 45.8%

The following table shows the swing in each state compared to the 2012 election.

State 2016 Rep % 2012 Rep % 2016 Dem % 2012 Dem % Rep Change Dem Change
Alabama 62.1% 60.6% 34.4% 38.4% +1.5% –4.0%
Alaska 51.3% 54.8% 36.6% 40.8% –3.5% –4.2%
Arizona 48.7% 53.7% 45.1% 44.6% –5.0% +0.5%
Arkansas 60.6% 60.6% 33.7% 36.9% 0.0% –3.2%
California 31.6% 37.1% 61.7% 60.2% –5.5% +1.5%
Colorado 43.3% 46.1% 48.2% 51.5% –2.8% –3.3%
Connecticut 40.9% 40.7% 54.6% 58.1% +0.2% –3.5%
Delaware 41.7% 40.0% 53.1% 58.6% +1.7% –5.5%
District of Columbia 4.1% 7.3% 90.5% 90.9% –3.2% –0.4%
Florida 49.0% 49.1% 47.8% 50.0% –0.1% –2.2%
Georgia 50.8% 53.3% 45.6% 45.5% –2.5% +0.1%
Hawaii 30.0% 27.8% 62.2% 70.6% +2.2% –8.4%
Idaho 59.3% 64.5% 27.5% 32.6% –5.2% –5.1%
Illinois 38.8% 40.7% 55.8% 57.6% –1.9% –1.8%
Indiana 56.8% 54.1% 37.9% 43.9% +2.7% –6.0%
Iowa 51.2% 46.2% 41.7% 52.0% +5.0% –10.3%
Kansas 56.7% 59.7% 36.1% 38.0% –3.0% –1.9%
Kentucky 62.5% 60.5% 32.7% 37.8% +2.0% –5.1%
Louisiana 58.1% 57.8% 38.5% 40.6% +0.3% –2.1%
Maine 44.9% 41.0% 47.8% 56.3% +3.9% –8.5%
Maryland 33.9% 35.9% 60.3% 62.0% –2.0% –1.7%
Massachusetts 32.8% 37.5% 60.0% 60.7% –4.7% –0.7%
Michigan 47.5% 44.7% 47.3% 54.2% +2.8% –6.9%
Minnesota 44.9% 45.0% 46.4% 52.7% –0.1% –6.3%
Mississippi 57.9% 55.3% 40.1% 43.8% +2.6% –3.7%
Missouri 56.8% 53.8% 38.1% 44.4% +3.0% –6.3%
Montana 56.2% 55.4% 35.8% 41.7% +0.8% –5.9%
Nebraska 58.8% 59.8% 33.7% 38.0% –1.0% –4.3%
Nevada 45.5% 45.7% 47.9% 52.4% –0.2% –4.5%
New Hampshire 46.6% 46.4% 47.0% 52.0% +0.2% –5.0%
New Jersey 41.0% 40.6% 55.0% 58.4% +0.4% –3.4%
New Mexico 40.0% 42.8% 48.3% 53.0% –2.8% –4.7%
New York 36.5% 35.2% 59.0% 63.4% +1.3% –4.4%
North Carolina 49.8% 50.4% 46.2% 48.4% –0.6% –2.2%
North Dakota 63.0% 58.3% 27.2% 38.7% +4.7% –11.5%
Ohio 51.7% 47.7% 43.6% 50.7% +4.0% –7.1%
Oklahoma 65.3% 66.8% 28.9% 33.2% –1.5% –4.3%
Oregon 39.1% 42.2% 50.1% 54.2% –3.1% –4.1%
Pennsylvania 48.2% 46.6% 47.5% 52.0% +1.6% –4.5%
Rhode Island 38.9% 35.2% 54.4% 62.7% +3.7% –8.3%
South Carolina 54.9% 54.6% 40.7% 44.1% +0.3% –3.4%
South Dakota 61.5% 57.9% 31.7% 39.9% +3.6% –8.2%
Tennessee 60.7% 59.5% 34.7% 39.1% +1.2% –4.4%
Texas 52.2% 57.2% 43.2% 41.4% –5.0% +1.8%
Utah 45.5% 72.8% 27.5% 24.8% –27.3% +2.7%
Vermont 30.3% 31.0% 56.7% 66.6% –0.7% –9.9%
Virginia 44.4% 47.3% 49.7% 51.2% –2.9% –1.5%
Washington 36.8% 41.3% 52.5% 56.2% –4.5% –3.7%
West Virginia 68.5% 62.3% 26.4% 35.5% +6.2% –9.1%
Wisconsin 47.2% 45.9% 46.5% 52.8% +1.3% –6.3%
Wyoming 67.4% 68.6% 21.6% 27.8% –1.2% –6.2%
Total 46.1% 47.2% 48.2% 51.1% –1.1% –2.9%

2016 United States Presidential Election Media

  • The incumbent in 2016, Barack Obama. His second term expired at noon on January 20, 2017.

  • Vice President Michael Pence poses for his official portrait at The White House, in Washington, D.C., on Tuesday, October 24, 2017. (Official White House Photo by D. Myles Cullen)

  • Ted Cruz in 2013

  • John Kasich

  • Official portrait of US Senator Marco Rubio of Florida.

  • Former Governor Jeb Bush of Florida speaking at the 2015 Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC) in National Harbor, Maryland. Photo is retouched version of original upload - lighting corrected, image sharpened slightly.

  • Clinton conceded victory to Trump on November 9.

  • News report about the protests in Los Angeles on November 12 from Voice of America

  • "How Hard Is It to Hack the US Election" video report from Voice of America, November 5 (three days before the election)

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 In state-by-state tallies, Trump earned 306 pledged electors, Clinton 232. They lost respectively two and five votes to faithless electors. Vice presidential candidates Pence and Kaine lost one and five votes, respectively. Three other votes by electors were invalidated and recast.

References

  1. ↑ (National General Election VEP Turnout Rates, 1789-Present. United States Election ProjectCQ Press.)(Official 2016 Presidential General Election Results (December 2017)Federal Election Commission. Retrieved February 12, 2018.) (Voting and Registration in the Election of November 2016 (May 2017)United States Census Bureau. Retrieved November 10, 2017.)
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 FEDERAL ELECTIONS 2016 -- Election Results for the U.S. President, the U.S. Senate and the U.S. House of Representatives (December 2017)Federal Elections Commission. Retrieved August 12, 2020.
  3. ↑ In major upset, Donald Trump wins the presidency. CBS News.
  4. ↑ Clinton wins popular vote by nearly 2.9 million. December 22, 2016. http://bigstory.ap.org/article/2c7a5afc13824161a25d8574e10ff4e7/clinton-wins-popular-vote-nearly-29-million. Retrieved January 8, 2017. 
  5. ↑ Stout, Christopher Timothy. Living the Dream: Barack Obama and Blacks' Changing Perceptions of the American Dream. Social Science Quarterly 93 (5) (October 8, 2012). p. 1338–1359. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6237.2012.00915.x.
  6. ↑ Inaugural Address of PRESIDENT BARACK OBAMA. The Black Scholar 38 (4) (2008). p. 2–5. doi:10.1080/00064246.2008.11413464.
  7. ↑ Exclusive: Green Party's Jill Stein Announces She Is Running for President on Democracy Now! (June 22, 2015)Democracy Now!. Retrieved May 18, 2016.
  8. ↑ Midge Potts 2016. Retrieved 2016-06-10.
  9. ↑ Donald Trump is running for president (June 16, 2015)Business Insider. Retrieved June 16, 2015.
  10. ↑ Donald Trump announces presidential bid. June 16, 2015. https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-politics/wp/2015/06/16/donald-trump-to-announce-his-presidential-plans-today/. Retrieved June 16, 2015. 
  11. ↑ Donald Trump FEC filing (June 22, 2015)FEC.gov. Retrieved June 24, 2015.
  12. ↑ 2016 Presidential Ballot Access Map. Libertarian Party. Retrieved June 23, 2016. / Unofficial List Page 1 of 7 : Candidates for President For GENERAL ELECTION 11/08/2016 Election. Njelections.org. Retrieved 2016-07-30. / Lesiak, Krzysztof. Gary Johnson secures ballot access in Pennsylvania. American Third Party Report (2016-07-31). Retrieved 2016-08-01. / Federal Nominations filed for the 2016 General Election. Elections.nj.gov. Retrieved 2016-08-02. / Libertarian Petition in Massachusetts Has Enough Valid Signatures | Ballot Access News. ballot-access.org. Retrieved 2016-08-08. / DC Board of Elections – Candidate List
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Ballot access | The Constitution Party. www.constitutionparty.com (9 February 2015). Retrieved October 3, 2016.
  14. ↑ Winger, Richard. North Dakota Says All Three Independent Presidential Petitions are Valid. Ballot Access News (September 7, 2016).
  15. ↑ 2016 Election Information. azsos.govArizona Secretary of State. Retrieved September 28, 2016.
  16. ↑ Kemp, Brian. Qualifying Candidate Information. sos.ga.gov (September 12, 2016)Georgia Secretary of State. Retrieved September 13, 2016.
  17. ↑ 2016 Candidate Listing. elections.state.md.us (2016)Maryland State Board of Elections. Retrieved September 21, 2016.
  18. ↑ 2016 Certification of Write-in Candidates – President and Vice PresidentVirginia Department of Elections. Retrieved November 9, 2016.
  19. ↑ Ballot Accessgp.org. Retrieved June 19, 2016.
  20. ↑ Jill Stein Qualifies for Write-in Status in North Carolina; No Other Write-in Presidential Candidate Does So | Ballot Access News. ballot-access.org. Retrieved 2016-08-20.
  21. ↑ Candidate Filings.
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 2016 Presidential Candidates. Green Party of the United States (December 31, 2015). Retrieved April 22, 2016.
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 McMullin, Evan. 34 States and Counting. Evan McMullin for PresidentRumpf, Sarah. Retrieved October 2, 2016.[dead link]
  24. ↑ November 8, 2016, General Election Certified List of Write-In Candidates. elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov (October 28, 2016)California Secretary of State. Retrieved October 28, 2016.
  25. ↑ Registered Write-In Candidates November 8, 2016. sots.ct.gov (October 28, 2016)Connecticut Secretary of State. Retrieved October 28, 2016.
  26. ↑ 2016 General Election Write-In Presidential Candidates. sos.ks.gov (October 31, 2016)Kansas Secretary of State. Retrieved November 2, 2016.
  27. ↑ Winger, Richard. Missouri Secretary of State Releases List of Presidential Write-in Candidates (October 31, 2016)Ballot Access News. Retrieved November 2, 2016.
  28. ↑ Official Write-In Candidates for President. www.elections.ny.gov (October 24, 2016)New York State Board of Elections. Retrieved October 24, 2016.
  29. ↑ Winger, Richard. Six Write-in Presidential Candidates File to Have North Dakota Write-ins Counted. ballot-access.org (October 20, 2016)Ballot Access News. Retrieved October 20, 2016.
  30. ↑ Anti-Trump Republican Launching Independent Presidential BidBuzzFeed. Retrieved August 8, 2016.
  31. ↑ "American Freedom Party Becomes a Qualified Party in Mississippi", Ballot Access News. August 12, 2015.
  32. ↑ "Kenn Gividen Steps Down as American Freedom Party Presidential Nominee, Bob Whitaker to Take His Place at the Top of the Ticket", Independent Political Report. July 26, 2015.
  33. ↑ Ziggler, Jed. American Freedom Party Takes Robocall Campaign to AL, Tom Bowie is New VP Nominee. Independent Political Report (October 3, 2015). Retrieved October 4, 2015.
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 Ziggler, Jed. Independent American Party Nominates Farley Anderson for President (November 8, 2015)Independent Political Report. Retrieved November 24, 2015.
  35. ↑ Committee Tracking system – Florida Division of Elections – Department of Statemyflorida.com.
  36. ↑ Winger, Richard. Party for Socialism and Liberation Announces 2016 Presidential Ticket. Ballot Access News (July 24, 2015). Retrieved July 25, 2015.
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 Nutrition Party Announces Presidential Candidate, and Qualifies Him for Colorado Ballot | Ballot Access NewsBallot-access.org. Retrieved December 24, 2015.
  38. ↑ Prohibition Party Now a Qualified Party in Mississippi.
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 Ballot accessballotpedia.org.
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 Prohibition Party Nominates National Ticket. Ballot Access News (July 31, 2015). Retrieved August 3, 2015.
  41. ↑ James Hedges FEC Filing. Federal Election Commission (October 27, 2015). Retrieved October 30, 2015.
  42. ↑ Qualified Political Partiesca.gov.
  43. ↑ Political Party Informationmyflorida.com.
  44. ↑ Gloria La Riva FEC filing. FEC (October 13, 2015). Retrieved October 30, 2015.
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 Winger, Richard. Socialist Party National Ticket Nominated. Ballot Access News (October 17, 2015). Retrieved October 17, 2015.
  46. ↑ Silva, Rod. FEC Form 2: Statement of Candidacy (October 20, 2015)fec.gov. Retrieved December 22, 2015.
  47. ↑ Silva, Rod. My fellow Americans. Rod Silva for President 2016. Retrieved December 22, 2015.
  48. ↑ Ballot Access News – Veterans Party is Now a Ballot-Qualified Party in Mississippiballot-access.org.
  49. ↑ Chris Keniston 2016. Retrieved 2016-01-09.
  50. ↑ Veterans Party of America.
  51. ↑ 51.0 51.1 Workers World Party Nominates Monica Moorehead for President. Independent Political Report (November 9, 2015). Retrieved November 10, 2015.
  52. ↑ Camia, Catalina and Martha A. Moore. Democrats pick Philadelphia for 2016 convention. USA Today (February 12, 2015). Retrieved February 12, 2015.
  53. ↑ "RNC officially approves Cleveland as 2016 convention host", CBS News. Associated Press. Retrieved August 14, 2014.
  54. ↑ Isenstadt, Alex (January 14, 2014) "GOP convention set for July 18–21 in 2016", Politico. Retrieved January 15, 2015.
  55. ↑ Winger, Richard (August 2, 2015) "Green Party Will Hold Presidential Convention in Houston", Ballot Access News. Retrieved August 5, 2015.
  56. ↑ Houston, We Have a Solution – Vote Green 2016. Green Party of the United States (April 4, 2016). Retrieved May 11, 2016.
  57. ↑ Winger, Richard. Libertarian Party Moves Into National Party Headquarters That it Owns. Ballot Access News (July 11, 2014). Retrieved July 11, 2014.
  58. ↑ Libertarian National Committee Minutes July 15–16, 2012Libertarian National Committee. p. 4. Retrieved July 11, 2014.
  59. ↑ Mills, Glen (April 14, 2016) "The Constitution Party hosts national convention in Salt Lake City" Archived 2016-07-26 at the Wayback Machine, Good4Utah. Retrieved September 14, 2016.
  60. ↑ Ballotpedia [1]. Retrieved October 29, 2019.
  61. ↑ 61.0 61.1 CPD Announces 2016 Debate Host ApplicantsCommission on Presidential Debates. Retrieved April 2, 2015.
  62. ↑ Sanchez, Stephen M.. Three Texas Locations Vie For 2016 Presidential Debates. San Antonio Daily News. Retrieved 2 April 2015.

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